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Southsea is a seaside resort and geographic area, located in Portsmouth at the southern end of Portsea Island, Hampshire, England. Southsea is located to the south of Portsmouth city centre and to the east of Old Portsmouth. It originally developed as Victorian seaside resort in the 19th century and grew into a dense residential suburb and large distinct commercial and entertainment area, separate from Portsmouth city centre itself.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.xi〕 The name of the area originates from Southsea Castle; a fort, located on the seafront and constructed in 1544 to help defend the Solent and approaches to Portsmouth Harbour.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Southsea Castle' )〕 The areas surrounding Albert Road, Palmerston Road and Osborne road comprise numerous bars, restaurants and independent shops. Palmerston Road is the main High Street of Southsea and contains two national department stores, as well as the local library. Albert Road is a distinct street containing shopping and cultural venues, which includes the Kings Theatre, a regional theatre built in 1907.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Albert Road Association' )〕 ==History== The history of Southsea is generally part of the history of Portsmouth, as Southsea started with the growth of Portsmouth dockyard and of the city, with the expansion of British maritime power during the British Empire.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.1〕 Before the 16th century Southsea was principally composed of small farms, open grassland and undrained marshland (morass), outside the main naval base and the city itself. However the growing expectation of a possible French attack on the naval base led to Henry VIII ordering the building of Southsea Castle in 1544, adjacent to the channel approaches to Portsmouth Harbour. "Southsea" was first recorded as a place name in a Royal plan in 1577.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.5-7〕 It was during this period that Henry VIII attended the castle and in 1545 witnessed, from the castle, the sinking of the warship Mary Rose in the Solent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Southsea Castle History )〕 The first references to the development of the suburb appear in the Portsea Poor Rate returns of 1790 and describe small areas of building and farming plots. However most of the land was as yet to be developed, and open grass and marshland still dominated the area.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.14〕 In the early 19th century, development continued on land owned by a Thomas Croxton, and the community became known as Croxton Town. The first houses were built by 1809 for skilled workers in what were called the "mineral" streets (such as Silver Street and Nickel Street). Around 1810, streets such as Hampshire Terrace, Landport Terrace, King's Terrace, Wish Street (which later became King's Road and Elm Grove), Jubilee Terrace and Bellevue Terrace were built adjacent to the old walls of the city. Although the streets still exist, many of them were among the most heavily bombed areas of Portsmouth in the Second World War, and like much of Southsea they experienced significant redevelopment in Postwar Britain.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.15〕 The development of Southsea continued during the Napoleonic era and as the dockyard continued to grow, new homes were required for the increasing personnel, and many houses, villas and apartments were built. The architect and builder Thomas Ellis Owen created of many of these, and the surviving buildings retain a coherent late Georgian and early Victorian style, and form a conservation area today, with many of the buildings having listed status.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Portsmouth Council - Owen Conservation Area Details )〕 Owen, built properties in Kent Road, Queen's Terrace, Sussex Terrace, Elm Grove, Beach Road, Grove Road South, Clarendon Road, Osborne Road and Portland Terrace. The area between Castle Road and Victoria Road South was built up between 1835 and 1860. During the same period Southsea grew as a leisure and bathing destination. In 1816 a pump room and baths were erected near the present day Clarence Pier, and by 1820 a large complex was developed including vapour baths, showers, and card playing and assembly rooms.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.16-17〕 The remaining marshland was drained, leading to the creation of ''Southsea Common'', some 480 acres (about 2 km2) of open grassland. Because of the military requirements for clear lines of fire adjacent to Southsea Castle, the area was not built on and remains today as a park and garden.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.19-20〕 Apartments and hotels were constructed towards the common and waterfront, along Southsea Terrace, Western Parade and Clarence Parade. The first large hotel was the Portland Hotel (destroyed in the Second World War) near Kent Road. Others soon followed, including the purpose-built Queens Hotel (1861), Pier Hotel (1865) and Beach Mansions Hotel (1866).〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.42-43〕 In 1852 the Clarence Esplanade and a memorial were erected by public subscription, and development of the resort led in 1861 to Clarence Pier being constructed as a promenade pier and landing place for steamers.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.45-47〕 Other piers were also built, including the Victoria and Albert Piers, but the construction of South Parade Pier in 1879 marked the culmination of seafront development in the Victorian period.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.46〕 By the 1860s the suburb of Southsea had grown along Clarendon Road as far as Granada Road. In 1857 Southsea gained its own Improvement Commissioners responsible for paving, street cleaning and public lighting. The Southsea Railway came in 1885 and brought further development to the area, although it was to be financially unsuccessful and eventually closed in 1914.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.51〕 By the mid to late Victorian era Southsea had become recognised as a largely middle-class neighbourhood, with many naval officers and other professionals taking up residence. During this time the writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle lived in Portsmouth, moving to Southsea in June 1882 with less than £10 (£ today) to his name. He set up a medical practice at 1 Bush Villas in Elm Grove, Southsea.〔Daniel Stashower, (2000). Teller of Tales: The Life of Arthur Conan Doyle. Penguin Books, pp. 58–59.〕 Areas of Southsea suffered from the rapid development of the suburb, and poverty existed in certain streets, and there was a major Cholera outbreak in 1848.〔Quail, Sarah (2000) ''Southsea Past'', Philimore Publishing. p.71〕 The works of the commission helped bring about some improvements and eventually led to the setting up of the Southsea Improvement Association.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Southsea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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