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The paraphyletic subgenus ''Sophophora'' of the genus ''Drosophila'' was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939.〔Sturtevant, A. H. (1939). On the subdivision of the genus ''Drosophila''. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 25, 137–141.〕 It contains the best known drosophilid species, ''Drosophila melanogaster''. ''Sophophora'' translates as carrier (phora) of wisdom (sophos). The subgenus is paraphyletic because the genus ''Lordiphosa''〔Katoh, T., Tamura, K. & Aotsuka, T. (2000). Phylogenetic position of the subgenus ''Lordiphosa'' of the genus ''Drosophila'' (Diptera: Drosophilidae) inferred from alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 51, 122–130.〕〔Hu, Y.-G. & Toda, M. J. (2001). Polyphyly of ''Lordiphosa'' and its relationships in Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Systematic Entomology 26, 15–31.〕 and the species ''Hirtodrosophila duncani''〔O'Grady, P. & DeSalle, R. (2008). Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus ''Scaptomyza'' (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Biology Letters 4, 195-199.〕〔van der Linde, K., Houle, D., Spicer, G. S. & Steppan, S. J. (2010). A supermatrix-based molecular phylogeny of the family Drosophilidae. Genetics Research 92, 25-38.〕 are also placed within this subgenus. ==Phylogeny== |2= ''obscura'' species group }} |label2=New World |2= }} }} }} Currently, ten species groups are recognized, in two main groups, the New World and the Old World〔〔Bächli, G. (1999-2010). TaxoDros: The Database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae. Available at http://taxodros.unizh.ch/〕〔Da Lage, J.-L., Kergoat, G. J., Maczkowiak, F., Silvain, J.-F., Cariou, M.-L. & Lachaise, D. (2007). A phylogeny of Drosophilidae using the Amyrel gene: questioning the ''Drosophila melanogaster'' species group boundaries. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 45, 47–63.〕 Old World: *''melanogaster'' species group (65 species, including ''D. melanogaster'' and ''D. simulans'') *''montium'' species group (88) *''ananassae'' species group (24) *''obscura'' species group (44) *''dentissima'' species group (17) *''fima'' species group (23) *''dispar'' species group (2) *''settifemur'' species group (2) New World: *''saltans'' species group (21) *''willistoni'' species group (23) Unknown: *''populi'' species group (2) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sophophora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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