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Sinopia
Sinopia (also known as sinoper, named after the Turkish city Sinop) is a dark reddish-brown natural earth pigment, whose reddish color comes from hematite, a dehydrated form of iron oxide. It was widely used in classical antiquity and the Middle Ages for painting, and during the Renaissance it was often used for the cartoon or underpainting for a fresco. The word came to be used both for the pigment and for the underpainting itself. During the Middle Ages synopia in Latin and Italian came to mean simply a red ochre. It entered the English language as the word sinoper, meaning a red earth color.〔Daniel V. Thompson, The Materials and Techniques of Medieval Painting, (1956)' Dover Publications, New York, p. 98〕
==Sinopia pigment==
From Ancient times through the Renaissance, the pigment was mined in Cappadocia, and exported to Europe through the port of Sinop, a Greek colony on the Black Sea. The pigment was valued for its quality and the genuine product was marked with a seal to show its authenticity.
In the Renaissance "sinopia" "or sinoper" meant any of a range of different shades and hues, and the color had a variety of names; it was sometimes called Venetian red, or ''Terra di Siena'' (Sienna earth), or ''Ocra rosso'' (red orchre).〔Cennino Cennini,''The Craftsman's Handbook'', note by translator, p xiv.〕 The color shown in the box above is one more recent commercial variety of the color.
The Italian painter and writer Cennino Cennini (c. 1370- c. 1440) described sinopia in his handbook on painting, "Il libro dell'arte", this way: "A natural pigment called sinoper, cinabrese or porphyry is red. This pigment has a lean and dry character. It responds well to mulling, as the more it is mulled the finer it becomes. It is good for working on panel or on anconas (type of panel divided into smaller framed compartments ), or walls, in fresco and in secco."〔Lara Broecke, 'Cennino Cennini, Il libro dell'arte, Archetype 2015, p. 61〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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