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''Shí-èr-lǜ'' ((中国語:十二律), , ''12 pitches'') (twelve-pitch scale) is a standardized gamut of twelve notes.〔Joseph C.Y. Chen (1996). ''Early Chinese Work in Natural Science: A Re-examination of the Physics of Motion, Acoustics, Astronomy and Scientific Thoughts'', p. 96. ISBN 962-209-385-X.〕 Also known, rather misleadingly, as the Chinese chromatic scale, it is one kind of chromatic scale used in ancient Chinese music. The Chinese scale uses the same intervals as the Pythagorean scale, based on 2:3 ratios (8:9, 16:27, 64:81, etc.). The gamut or its subsets were used for tuning and are preserved in bells and pipes.〔Chen (1996), p.97.〕 However, "it should not be imagined that this gamut ever functioned as a scale, and it is erroneous to refer to the 'Chinese chromatic scale', as some Western writers have done. The series of twelve notes known as the twelve ''lü'' were simply a series of fundamental notes from which scales could be constructed."〔Needham, Joseph (1962/2004). ''Science and Civilization in China, Vol. IV: Physics and Physical Technology'', p.170-171. ISBN 978-0-521-05802-5.〕 The first reference to, "the standardization of bells and pitch," dates back to around 600 BCE while the first description of the generation of the pitches dates back to around 240 CE.〔 ==Note names== * 黃鐘 (黄钟) - Huáng Zhōng - tonic/unison - 1 : 1 - * 大呂 (大吕) - Dà Lǚ - semitone - 37 : 211 - * 太簇 - Tài Cù - major second - 32 : 23 - * 夾鐘 (夹钟) - Jiá Zhōng - minor third - 39 : 214 - * 姑洗 - Gū Xiǎn - major third - 34 : 26 - * 仲呂 (中吕) - Zhòng Lǚ - perfect fourth - 311 : 217 - * 蕤賓 (蕤宾) - Ruí Bīn - tritone - 36 : 29 - * 林鐘 (林钟) - Lín Zhōng - perfect fifth - 3 : 2 - * 夷則 (夷则) - Yí Zé - minor sixth - 38 : 212 - * 南呂 (南吕) - Nán Lǚ - major sixth - 33 : 24 - * 無射 (无射) - Wú Yì - minor seventh - 310 : 215 - * 應鐘 (应钟) - Yìng Zhōng - major seventh - 35 : 27 - 12 total, which fall within the scope of one octave. (Note that the mathematical method used by the ancient Chinese could never produce a true octave. No matter what is done with numbers involving 1/3, it is impossible to get to 1/2 or to 2.) The next higher frequency in the series of frequencies produced by the Chinese system would be higher than 880 hertz. See the article by Chen Ying-shi.〔一种体系 两个系统 by 陈应时 (Yi zhong ti-xi, liang ge xi-tong by Chen Ying-shi of the Shanghai Conservatory), ''Musicology in China,'' 2002, Issue 4, 中国音乐学，2002，第四 期〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shí-èr-lǜ」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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