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Shuanggui
''Shuanggui'' (approximately pronounced ) is an internal disciplinary process conducted by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China – and its lower-level affiliates – on members of the Party who are suspected of "violations of discipline," which usually indication of corruption but can occasionally carry other connotations as well. The ''Shuanggui'' process is conducted in secret, in a system which is separate from ordinary Chinese law enforcement processes. Generally subjects are isolated from any form of legal counsel or even family visits during the process.
At the time the party member is informed of their ''Shuanggui'', often the party disciplinary agencies have already found enough evidence behind the scenes to establish guilt. As such, being taken to ''Shuanggui'' is usually taken as an indictment with presumed guilt despite party regulations which stipulate presumption of innocence. Party investigators often turn over the suspects to the formal system of prosecution, that is, the procuratorate, if the party member is deemed to be guilty, which is the case the vast majority of the time. The system has been described variously as an effective way to root out corruption but also as depriving its subjects of basic legal rights. There have been select reports of ''Shuanggui'' subjects being tortured to make forced confessions.〔
==Etymology==
The term "''Shuanggui''" comes from "at an appointed time and place": as "shuang" means double, "gui" means appointed, or designated. The term is an abbreviation of codified disciplinary procedures inside the Party which states that a member must "be present at a designated time and designated location", hence the 'double designated', "...to provide explanations on issues related to an ongoing case."〔Original in Chinese: 要求有關人員在規定的時間、地點就案件所涉及的問題作出說明〕 The term in Chinese may also used as a passive voice form, for example, someone could be "shuanggui'd".
Administrative Supervision Law Article 20 (3) also provides that "personnel under investigation shall not be detained in any manner". However in many cases, the personnel may still be detained or even be hurt. On 9 April 2013, Yu Qiyi, a state-owned enterprise cadre, was killed during the ''shuanggui'' process.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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