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Shaucha
Shaucha (Sanskrit: शौच, also spelled Saucha, Śauca) literally means purity, cleanliness and clearness.〔(Saucha ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany〕 It refers to purity of mind, speech and body.〔Sharma and Sharma, Indian Political Thought, Atlantic Publishers, ISBN 978-8171566785, page 19〕 Saucha is one of the Niyamas of Yoga. It is discussed in many ancient Indian texts such as the Mahabharata and Patanjali's Yoga Sutra. It is a virtue in Hinduism and Jainism.〔Paul S. Reinsch (1911), Energism in the Orient, International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 407-422〕〔John Taber (1991), India and Europe: An Essay in Understanding by Wilhelm Halbfass, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 229-240〕
==Definition==
Saucha is a concept that refers to purity in deeds, words and thoughts;〔Markil, Geithner, & Penhollow (2010), Hatha Yoga: Benefits and principles for a more meaningful practice, ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal, 14(5): 19-24〕 it includes outer purity of body as well as inner purity of mind.〔CP Bhatta (2009), Holistic Personality Development through Education - Ancient Indian Cultural Experiences, Journal of Human Values, 15(1): 49-59〕〔Sridevi Seetharam (2013), Dharma and medical ethics, Indian journal of medical ethics, 10(4): 226-231〕 The concept of ''Saucha'' is synonymous with ''Shudhi'' (शुद्धि).〔(Shudhi ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany〕 LePage states that Saucha in yoga is on many levels, and deepens as an understanding and evolution of self increases.〔J. LePage (1995), Patanjali's Yoga Sutras as a Model for Psycho-Spiritual Evolution, International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 6(1): 23-26〕
Shaucha, or holistic purity of the body, is considered essential for health, happiness and general well-being. External purity is achieved through daily ablutions, while internal purity is cultivated through physical exercises, including asana (postures) and pranayama (breathing techniques). Along with daily ablutions to cleanse one's body, the concept of Shaucha suggests clean surrounding, along with fresh and clean food to purify the body.〔Christina Brown, The Yoga Bible, ISBN 978-1582972428, page 14-17〕〔Beryl Birch (2010), Beyond Power Yoga: 8 Levels of Practice for Body and Soul, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-0684855264, pages 78-79〕 Lack of Saucha, such as letting toxins build in body are a source of impurity.〔K. V. Raghupathi, Yoga for Peace, ISBN 978-8170174837, pages 60-61〕
Shaucha goes beyond purity of body, and includes purity of speech and mind. Anger, hate, prejudice, greed, pride, fear, negative thoughts are a source of impurity of mind.〔〔Elizabeth Kadetsky (2008), Modeling School, The Antioch Review, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 254-268〕 The impurities of the intellect are cleansed through the process of self-examination, or knowledge of self (''Adhyatma-Vidya'').〔(Hinduism's Restraints and Observances ) Hinduism Today, K.N. Aiyar (July/August/September 2007)〕 The mind is purified through mindfulness and meditation on one's intent, feelings, actions and its causes.〔Judith Lasater, (Cultivate your connections ) Yoga Journal (AUG 28, 2007)〕
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