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Shaphan
Shaphan (Hebrew: שפן, which means hyrax) is the name of a scribe or court secretary mentioned several times in the Old Testament (II Kings 22:3-14 and 25:22; and parallels in 2 Chronicles 34:8-20; see also Jeremiah 26:24; 36:10-12; 39:14; 40:5 and following; and 43:6).
==Biblical account==
When the chief Temple priest Hilkiah discovers an ancient Torah scroll, he gives it to the scribe Shaphan, who in turn brings in to King Josiah. Josiah reads it aloud to a crowd in Jerusalem, resulting in a great religious revival. Many scholars believe this was either a copy of the Book of Deuteronomy or a text that became a part of Deuteronomy as we have it; as a result the event is known as the Deuteronomic reform.
According to the Bible, Shaphan had sons named Ahikam,〔See Jeremiah 40:5 and II Kings 25:22〕 Elasah〔See Jeremiah 29:3〕 and Gemariah.〔See Jeremiah 36:10-12〕 The latter appears not to be the same Gemariah named as a son of Hilkiah in Jeremiah 29:3.〔See for example Harrison, R.K. (1973) ''Jeremiah and Lamentations: An Introduction and Commentary'' Leicester: IVP (131)〕 Assuming it is the same Shaphan, he also had a son named Jaazaniah, who is among the idol worshippers depicted in the vision of Ezekiel described in (Ezekiel 8:11 ).
Shaphan's grandson is Gedaliah, the short-lived governor of Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE. Whether influenced by Shaphan's part in Josiah's reforms or not, both Ahikam and, later, Gedaliah appear to have played significant roles in protecting Jeremiah from persecution.〔See especially Jeremiah 36:24 and 39:14; 40:5 and 43:6〕
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