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Serjeanty
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Serjeanty : ウィキペディア英語版
Serjeanty
Under the feudal system in late and high medieval England, tenure by serjeanty was a form of land-holding in return for some specified service, ranking between tenure by knight-service (enfeoffment) and tenure in socage. It is also used of similar forms in Continental Europe.
==Origins and development==
Serjeanty originated in the assignation of an estate in land on condition of the performance of a certain duty other than knight-service, usually the discharge of duties in the household of king or noble. It ranged from service in the king's host, distinguished only by equipment from that of the knight, to petty renders scarcely distinguishable from those of the rent-paying tenant or socager.
In 1895, the legal historians Pollock and Maitland described it as being a free "servantship" in the sense that the serjeant, whatever his task, was essentially a menial servant. J.H. Round objects, however, that this definition does not cover the military serjeanties and glosses over the honorific value of at least some of the services.〔Round, ''King's serjeants''. pp. 6-8.〕
Serjeanties, as historian Mary Bateson has expressed it,

were neither always military nor always agricultural, but might approach very closely the service of knights or the service of farmers ... The serjeanty of holding the king's head when he made a rough passage across the Channel, of pulling a rope when his vessel landed, of counting his chessmen on Christmas day, of bringing fuel to his castle, of doing his carpentry, of finding his potherbs, of forging his irons for his ploughs, of tending his garden, of nursing the hounds gored and injured in the hunt, of serving as veterinary to his sick falcons, such and many others might be the ceremonial or menial services due from a given serjeanty.

The many varieties of serjeanty were afterwards increased by lawyers classing for convenience under this head such duties as those of escort service to the Abbess of Barking, or of military service on the Welsh border by the men of Archenfield.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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