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Sentience
Sentience is the ability to feel, perceive, or experience subjectively.〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sentience〕 Eighteenth-century philosophers used the concept to distinguish the ability to think (''reason'') from the ability to feel (''sentience''). In modern Western philosophy, sentience is the ability to experience sensations (known in philosophy of mind as "qualia"). In Eastern philosophy, sentience is a metaphysical quality of all things that requires respect and care. The concept is central to the philosophy of animal rights, because sentience is necessary for the ability to suffer, and thus is held to confer certain rights.
==Philosophy and sentience==
In the philosophy of consciousness, ''sentience'' can refer to the ability of any entity to have subjective perceptual experiences, or as some philosophers refer to them, "qualia". This is distinct from other aspects of the mind and consciousness, such as creativity, intelligence, sapience, self-awareness, and intentionality (the ability to have thoughts about something). Sentience is a minimalistic way of defining ''consciousness'', which is otherwise commonly used to collectively describe sentience plus other characteristics of the mind.
Some philosophers, notably Colin McGinn, believe that sentience will never be understood, a position known as "new mysterianism". They do not deny that most other aspects of consciousness are subject to scientific investigation but they argue that subjective experiences will never be explained; i.e., sentience is the ''only'' aspect of consciousness that can't be explained. Other philosophers (such as Daniel Dennett, who also argues that animals are not sentient) disagree, arguing that all aspects of consciousness will eventually be explained by science.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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