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A Scotticism is a phrase or word which is characteristic of dialects of the Scots language. Scotticisms are generally divided into two types:〔Aitken, A.J. Scottish Accents and Dialects in Trudgil, P. Language in the British Isles. 1984. p.105-108〕 covert Scotticisms, which generally go unnoticed as being particularly Scottish by those using them, and overt Scotticisms, usually used for stylistic effect, with those using them aware of their Scottish nature. Perhaps the most common covert Scotticism is the use of ''wee'' (meaning small or unimportant) as in "''I'll just have a wee drink...''". This adjective is used frequently in speech at all levels of society.〔http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/S4_LocalGovernmentandRegenerationCommittee/Inquiries/LGRC_Benchmarking_Seminar_10_September_2012_-_Transcript.pdf〕 An archetypal example of an overt Scotticism is "''Och aye the noo''", which translates as "Oh yes, just now". This phrase is often used in parody by non-Scots and although the phrases "''Och aye''" and "''the noo''" are in common use by Scots separately, they are rarely used together. Other phrases of this sort include: * ''Hoots mon!'' * ''It's a braw, bricht, moonlicht nicht'' (a phrase popularised by the music hall entertainer Harry Lauder) * ''Lang may yer lum reek!'' (a Hogmanay greeting, implying "May you never be without fuel for your fire!", but more literally translates to "Long may your chimney smoke!"〔Gordon Kenmuir, Scottish National〕) * ''Help ma Boab!'' (a phrase consciously borrowed from the comic strip character Oor Wullie) Many leading figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, particularly David Hume, strove to excise Scotticisms from their writing in an attempt to make their work more accessible to an English and wider European audience. In the following passage, Hume's contemporary James Boswell pondered upon the reasons why the Scots and the English were not always mutually intelligible:〔F A Pottle (ed.), Boswell In Holland, Heinemann 1952, pp.160-1〕 It is thus that has arisen the greatest difference between English and Scots. Half the words are changed only a little, but the result of that is that a Scot is often not understood in England. I do not know the reason for it, but it is a matter of observation that although an Englishman often does not understand a Scot, it is rare that a Scot has trouble in understanding what an Englishman says... It is ridiculous to give the reason for it that a Scot is quicker than an Englishman and consequently cleverer in understanding everything. It is equally ridiculous to say that English is so musical that it charms the ears and lures men to understand it, while Scots shocks and disgusts by its harshness. I agree that English is much more agreeable than Scots, but I do not find that an acceptable solution for what we are trying to expound. The true reason for it is that books and public discourse in Scotland are in the English tongue. Modern authorities agree that the Scots language was gradually eclipsed after the adoption of the Protestant English Bible during the Scottish Reformation and as a result of the later institutional dominance of southern English following the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the Act of Union in 1707.〔R McCrum, W Cran, R MacNeil, The Story of English, London 1986, pp.143-4〕〔D Murison, The Guid Scots Tongue, Edinburgh 1977, pp.5-6〕〔B Kay, The Mither Tongue, Collins 1988, Ch.5〕 Scots Law was a notable exception in retaining much of its traditional terminology such as Act of Sederunt, sheriff-substitute, procurator fiscal, sasine, pursuer, interlocutor (court order) and messenger-at-arms. ==Examples== Examples of Scotticisms in everyday use include: * ''Where do you stay?'' meaning "Where do you live?" Possible answer: "I stay in Dundee" * ''Whaur dae ye bide?'' meaning "Where do you live?" Possible answer: "I bide in Fife" * ''A dinnae ken'' meaning "I don't know" * ''D'ye no ken?'' meaning "Don't you know?" * ''A'll see ye up the road'' meaning "I'll accompany you some of the way" (or meaning "I'll see you at home") * ''A'm gaun for the messages'' meaning "I'm going shopping for groceries." * ''A'm black-affronted'' meaning "I'm very embarrassed" * ''A'm droukit'' meaning "I'm soaked" (usually from rain) * ''She's ages wi' him'' meaning "She's the same age as him" * ''Gie's a shot then!'' meaning "Let me have a turn now" (for example, children playing) * ''Are ye thinking o flitting?'' meaning "Are you thinking of moving house?" (cognate to Norwegian ''flytte'', to move ()). * ''He's gaun his dinger ower it'' meaning "He's in a rage over it" * ''Ye're an awfu blether'' meaning "You're an awful gossip" * ''Ye're havering'' meaning "You're talking nonsense". Also ''Stop your havers!''〔Eleanor Atkinson, Greyfriars Bobby〕 * ''A'll gie him laldie'' meaning "I'll give him a serious telling off"; also ''Gie it laldy!'' meaning "Give it everything you've got!" * ''A'm feeling a bit wabbit'' meaning "I feel I'm a bit lacking in energy" * ''A'll see ye Monday next'' meaning "I'll see you a week on Monday" * ''A'm just after being tae the doctor's'' meaning "I've just been at the doctor's" * ''The nights are fair drawin in'' meaning "It's getting dark earlier at night" * ''It's my shy'' meaning "It's my throw-in" (when playing football) * ''He was sat on his hunkers'' meaning "He was squatting down" * ''Up to his oxters'' meaning "Up to his armpits" * ''A wis chittering at the bus stop'' meaning "I was shivering with cold at the bus stop" * ''Caw canny'' meaning "Go easy/Don't overdo it", as in ''Caw canny wi the butter'', "Don't use up the butter" * ''Ye missed yersel last night'' meaning "You missed out on a good time last night" (by not being at the event, e.g. a party or football match) *''Dinna fash yersel'' meaning "Don't get worked up/fussed" (orig. from French ''se fâcher'') * ''What (are) ye after?'' meaning "What are you looking for?" or (in pubs) "What will you have to drink?" * ''Aye, right!'' meaning "definitely not!" in sarcastic response to a question or to challenge a presumption. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scotticism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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