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The Lawrence School, Sanawar, is an independent private co-educational boarding school near Chandigarh. It is located in the Kasauli Hills, District of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. Sanawar is about an hour drive from Chandigarh and six hours from New Delhi. The school, founded in 1847 by Sir Henry Lawrence and his wife Honoria, is one of Asia's oldest surviving boarding schools. As the school is located in Sanawar, the school is popularly called "Sanawar". It is situated at a height of 1750 metres and spread over an area of 139 acres, heavily forested with pine, deodar and other conifer trees. The school has been ranked among the best residential schools of India. In May 2013 Sanawar created history by becoming the first school in the world to send a team of seven students to climb Mount Everest.〔http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/six-sanawar-school-boys-scale-mount-everest/1/272345.html〕 The motto of the school is "Never Give In". Sanawar is affiliated to India's Central Board of Secondary Education.〔(main page of sanawar.edu.in ) (official school website). Retrieved 6 March 2012〕 Children are admitted to Sanawar in February each year, at the age of nine and ten years. Class Five (Lower III) is preferred as the entry point. Admission is based on a competitive entrance examination, held the preceding November, followed by an interview. In the school's name, "Sanawar" is the name of the hill on which it stands.〔A. C. C. DeRenzy, 'Report on the Lawrence Military Asylum', Appendix III to ''Report on the sanitary administration of the Punjab'' (Punjab Medical Department, 1870), paragraphs 6 to 10 at pp. 46A & 47A: "His Honour will be surprised to hear that the children are subject to a very high sickness and death-rate, but such is the fact ...a considerable part of the drainage from south aspect of the Sanawar hill flows within a few paces of the place where the spring emerges... The spring is about two miles, from the Asylum... a separate hospital for the treatment of contagious diseases is indispensable."〕 The nearest railway station is now usually spelt "Sonwara".〔(Sonwara SWO Indian Railway Station Code ) at travel.yik.in. Retrieved 14 March 2012〕 Sanawar is believed to be the oldest mixed-sex boarding school anywhere in the world.〔Rahul Singh, (Sanawar headmaster sacks bursar ) ''The Times of India'' dated 23 June 2004, ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 22 March 2012〕 ==History== The school was established by Henry Lawrence. His intent was to provide for the education of the orphans of British soldiers and other poor white children. In 1845 he outlined the creation of a boarding school in the Indian highlands for boys and girls.〔Dane Keith Kennedy, ''The Magic Mountains: hill stations and the British raj'' (1996), p. 136〕 He stated his aim as being to create The school at Sanawar was established as the first such asylum on 15 April 1847,〔 when fourteen girls and boys arrived at Sanawar in the charge of Lawrence's sister-in-law Mrs George Lawrence and a superintendent Healey.〔Edward Backhouse Eastwick, ed., ''Handbook of the Punjab, western Rajputana, Kashmir, and upper Sindh'' (John Murray, 1883), p. 172: "In April, 1847, Mrs. George Lawrence arrived at Sanawar with 14 girls and boys, and Surgeon Healy acted as superintendent."〕 The school was co-educational from its beginning.〔''Outlook'' (Hathway Investments Pvt Ltd, 1997), p. 98〕 The site had been chosen by Lawrence, after discussions with William Hodson and others, considering that it was an "ideal location" which "afforded the necessary requisites: isolation, ample space, water, a good altitude, and all not too far from British troops".〔''Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research'' vol. 81 (issues 325-328) (London: Society for Army Historical Research, 2003), p. : "After discussing the merits of a suitable site with Hodson and others it was decided that the school would be established on the hill of Sanawar, near Kasauli. This ideal location afforded the necessary requisites: isolation, ample space, water, a good altitude, and all not too far from British troops."〕 The construction of the buildings was paid for by Lawrence and other British officers, with a large contribution from Gulab Singh, the first Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.〔 Hodson, who later became famous for Hodson's Horse, supervised the construction of the school's first buildings and is still commemorated by the annual Hodson's Run, a competition between the school's houses.〔''Hodson of Hodson's Horse'' in ''The Sanawar News Letter'', (1 May 1997 edition ). Retrieved 22 March 2012〕 In the early days some Anglo-Indian children were admitted, but Lawrence insisted that preference should be given to those of "pure European" parentage, as he considered they were more likely to suffer from the heat of the plains.〔 Under its first professional headmaster, the Rev. W. J. Parker, who was appointed in 1848, the school was known as "Lawrence's Asylum", reflecting its focus on orphans.〔'Photocopies and transcripts of extracts from diaries and papers of Maj-Gen William Clive Justice (1835-1908): 11: Copy of letter from Sir Henry Lawrence to Rev W. J. Parker' at (India Office select materials Mss Photo Eur 433 ), web site of the British Library. Retrieved 10 March 2012〕 In 1858 it was renamed the "Lawrence Royal Military School".〔 By 1853, the school had grown to 195 pupils when it was presented with the King's Colour, one of only six schools and colleges ever to be so honoured in the British Empire, the others being Eton, Shrewsbury, Cheltenham, the Duke of York's Royal Military School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Sanawar has held its Colour for the longest unbroken period. The tradition of military training at Sanawar has always been strong and was of such a high standard that several contingents of boys were enlisted from the school and sent straight to the battlefields of the First World War. In appreciation of this, the school was redesignated in 1920 as the "Lawrence Royal Military School" and, in 1922, the Prince of Wales presented the school with new Colours. This pattern of military service was repeated again during the Second World War and, according to a BBC Radio broadcast on 3 October 1941, more than two hundred Sanawarians had joined up. The school Colour continues to this day to be trooped at the Founders' Celebration in early October, and Sanawar pupils continue to make a major contribution to the defence of the country. In its first two decades, the school suffered an unexpectedly high death rate, with forty children dying between 1848 and 1858, of whom thirteen were the victims of an outbreak of cholera in 1857. In the next ten years, there were seventy-two further deaths, and in 1870 a Punjab Medical Department report proposed measures to improve the school's sanitation, as well as "a separate hospital for the treatment of contagious diseases".〔 The headmaster, the Rev. John Cole, was inspired to write a book called ''Notes on Hygiene with Hints on Self-discipline for Young Soldiers in India'' (1882).〔Mark Harrison, ''Public Health in British India: Anglo-Indian Preventive Medicine'' (1994), p. 263〕〔Ajay Sura, ''(Few Sanawarians want to join Army )'' from ''The Times of India'' dated 4 December 2011, online at indiatimes.com. Retrieved 25 April 2012〕 Sanawar's centenary year (1947) was crucial to the development of the school. With Indian independence, the bulk of the staff and children at Sanawar returned to Britain. However, the then-Governor General, Lord Louis Mountbatten, presided at the centenary celebrations and read out a message from King George VI. Thereafter, control of the school passed from the Crown to the government of India's Ministry of Defence. A further transfer in 1949 brought the school under the control of the Ministry of Education. In June 1952 the Ministry resolved to administer the school through a society created under the Societies Registration Act 1860, subject to a Memorandum of Association and rules and regulations to be approved by the government. These provided that the government Secretaries in the Ministries of Education, Defence, and Finance would serve as ex-officio members of the society, with four other members appointed by the government. The employees of the school, previously government servants, lost that status.〔(Mohinder Singh vs Union Of India (15 May, 1968); AIR 1969 Delhi 170 ) at indiankanoon.org. Retrieved 15 March 2012〕 The property and other assets of the school, which then had an estimated value of twenty-five lakhs of rupees, were transferred to the society with effect from June 1954.〔Letter No. F. 19-51/53-H 3, dated 18 June 1954, from the Under Secretary to the Government, Ministry of Education, stated that the President of the Republic of India had been pleased to transfer to the Society's Board, at no charge, the movable and immovable properties of the School, as at 1 October 1952.〕 The school celebrated its 150th anniversary in 1997,〔 and India marked the occasion with a two-rupee commemorative postage stamp issued in October 1997 and inscribed "1847-1997 THE LAWRENCE SCHOOL SANAWAR".〔Issue date 04/10/1997, Serial Number 1738〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Lawrence School, Sanawar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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