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''Lolium'' is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family.〔(Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 83 ) in Latin〕〔(Tropicos, ''Lolium'' L. )〕 It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. ''Lolium'' is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n = 14, and are closely related to the fescues (''Festuca'').〔(Flora Europaea: ''Lolium'' )〕〔(Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 243 黑麦草属 hei mai cao shu ''Lolium'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753. )〕〔(Flora of Pakistan, Lolium Linn. )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, genere ''Lolium'' )〕 Ryegrass should not be confused with rye, which is a grain crop. ;Species〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔(The Plant List search for ''Lolium'' )〕 # ''Lolium arundinaceum'' (Schreb.) Darbysh. - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to Himalayas + Xinjiang; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands # ''Lolium canariense'' Steud. - Canary Islands ryegrass - Canary Islands, Cape Verde # ''Lolium giganteum '' Lam. - Eurasia from Ireland to China; Bioko # ''Lolium × hybridum'' Hausskn. - Assam, Bhutan # ''Lolium mazzettianum'' (E.B.Alexeev) Darbysh. - Sichuan, Yunnan # ''Lolium multiflorum'' Lam. - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to Himalayas; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands # ''Lolium perenne'' L. - perennial ryegrass - Eurasia + North Africa from Azores to Kashmir; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands # ''Lolium persicum'' Boiss. & Hohen. - Persian ryegrass or Persian darnel - from Socotra to China; naturalized in scattered locations in USA + Canada # ''Lolium pratense'' (Huds.) Darbysh. - Eurasia + North Africa from Iceland + Azores to Kashmir + Yakutia; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands # ''Lolium remotum'' Schrank - Indian Subcontinent; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Europe + northern Asia # ''Lolium rigidum'' Gaudin - stiff darnel, Wimmera ryegrass, annual ryegrass - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to China; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Australia + Americas # ''Lolium saxatile H.Scholz & S.Scholz - Canary Islands # ''Lolium temulentum'' L. - Darnel, poison darnel - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to China; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Australia + Americas ;formerly included〔 several species now regarded as better suited to other genera: ''Castellia Enteropogon Festulolium Hainardia Lepturus Melica Vulpia'' ==Cultivation and uses== ''Lolium'' contains some species which are important grasses for both lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. There is a large range of cultivars. The primary species found worldwide and used for both lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (''Lolium perenne''). Like many cool-season grasses of the Poaceae, it harbors a symbiotic fungal endophyte, either ''Epichloë'' or its close relative ''Neotyphodium'', both of which are members of the fungal family Clavicipitaceae. Some species, particularly ''L. temulentum'', are weeds which can have a severe impact on the production of wheat and other crops. Ryegrass pollen is also one of the major causes of hay fever. Tennis courts, including those at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, the venue for Wimbledon, are sometimes planted in ryegrass mixes, depending on the tournament. Glyphosate-resistant Lolium has been reported from Mississippi in 2006.〔Nandula VK, Poston DH, Eubank TW, Koger CH and Reddy KN, Differential response to glyphosate in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations from Mississippi. Weed Tech 21: 477–482 (2006).doi 10.1614/WT-06-168.1〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lolium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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