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In Buddhism, rūpajhānas (Sanskrit: rūpadhyāna "meditations of form", literally "form meditations") are successive levels of meditation in which the mind is focused on a material or mental object: it is a word frequently used in Pāli scriptures and to a lesser extent in the Mahayana scriptures. Each higher level is harder to reach than the previous one as it relinquishes an attachment to one of the positive experiences of the previous state. The meditations of form are distinguished from arūpajhāna (Skt: arūpadhyāna "formless meditations") which are meditations focused without material or mental objects (i.e., meditations on infinite space, on infinite consciousness, on nothingness, and beyond perception and non-perception). == Characteristics of the Meditations of Form == There are eight jhānas in total, out of which the first four are rūpajhānas, meditations of form. All four rūpajhānas are characterized by ekaggatā (Skt: ekāgratā) which means one-pointedness, i.e. the mind focuses singularly on the material or mental object during meditation. The four rūpajhānas are: # (Skt: prathamadhyāna, literally "first jhana") # dutiya-jhāna (Skt: dvitīyadhyāna, literally "second jhana")), # tatiya-jhāna (Skt: ,literally "third jhana")) # catuttha-jhāna (Skt: caturthadhyāna, literally "fourth jhana")) See also right concentration. These first four jhānas can be characterized by certain factors called (Skt: ) whose presence or absence in each rūpajhāna is summarized in the following table: The have the following meanings: vitakka means the noticing of the object of meditation, vicāra means the experiencing of the object, pīti means rapture, sukha means bliss, ekaggatā means one-pointedness of concentration, upekkhā means equanimity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rupajhana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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