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Rozumice
Rozumice (German ''Rösnitz'') is a village in the community of Gmina Kietrz, within Głubczyce County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal) )〕 It lies approximately south of Kietrz, south-east of Głubczyce, and south of the regional capital Opole. The village has a population of 332.
== Early history ==
Though as yet undocumented 〔Archaeological dating to be initiated under "Association of Friends of Rozumice" auspices.〕 there is evidence from stone-age and bronze-age tools found locally of a settlement here from at least since the stone-age. The latest archaeological finds confirm that there has been a settlement in Rozumice since the latest palaeolithic phase. 〔 E. Foltyn, J.K. Kozłowski, J. Waga, Archaeology of the Lower Saalian (Oder stage, OIS-8) in Upper Silesia: human settlement at the periphery of the continental ice-sheet, "British Archaeological Reports. International Series" 2005,t. 1364, s.329-348; E. Foltyn, Badania dolnopaleolitycznych poziomów na stanowisku 3 w Rozumicach,województwo opolskie. () Badania archeologiczne na Górnym Śląsku i ziemiach pogranicznych w latach 2003-2004. Katowice 2006, s. 15-24.〕 Oral history has it that a Slavic settlement of just two houses previously existed.〔Heinrich Weicht "Rösnitz, a historical narrative" unpublished translation by Anna Spiess, Taunton 2009〕 Then King Ottokar II of Bohemia encouraged skilled German immigrants to settle in this region, overseen by the Prämostratenser of the Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré. It is probable that Rösnitz was settled around 1250, along with a neighbouring village of Pilszcz (Piltsch) that shares close physical characteristics. The first documented evidence of Rösnitz dates from 1335 (then called Resenitz), when a five-year rent free lease of farmland was granted.〔 Comparisons of culture and dialect suggests that these first early settlers were from Franconia. Around 1432 Rösnitz came under Czech control, for a brief period, when the German language was replaced with Czech as the official language (though the villagers never gave up their German language) and the village renamed Rosumicz. John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg in a document signs over the village to Johan von Woustow, evidence that the village is then under the sovereign’s control and domain. The original German settler surnames of Kremser, Proske, Krömer, Alscher, Grittner, Lamche, Weicht, Kolbe, Heidrich, Schindler, Klose survive from before this time,〔 despite being at times under Austrian, Czech, Polish or Prussian rule, and continued to dominate life in the village up until 1946.
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