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Batroxobin
Batroxobin, also known as reptilase, is a snake venom produced by ''Bothrops atrox'' and ''Bothrops moojeni'', venomous species of pit viper found east of the Andes in South America. It is a hemotoxin which acts as a serine protease closely related to thrombin and has been the subject of many medical studies as a replacement of thrombin. Different enzymes have been called batroxobin, isolated from different species of ''Bothrops'', unless stated otherwise, this article covers the batroxobin produced by ''B. moojeni'', as this is the most studied variety.
==History==
The snake was described by Carl Linnaeus as early as 1758, but the active compound batroxobin was only first described in 1954 by H. Bruck and G. Salem. In the years following, this first description of batroxobin was shown to have several uses in surgery. Because of the increasing interest in the properties of batroxobin, several studies on its hemostatic effect and coagulation have been published. More recently, in 1979, a German study showed the uses of batroxobin (reptilase clot retraction test) as a replacement test for the more commonly used thrombin time. Because the enzyme is unaffected by heparin, it is mostly used when heparin is present in blood. Recent studies emphasize more on improving its uses in surgery, mostly spinal surgery, and the uses as serine protease.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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