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Karluks
The Karluks (also Qarluqs, Qarluks, Karluqs, Old Turkic: 10px10px10px10px, Qarluq,〔(Ethno Cultureerral Dictionary, TÜRIK BITIG )〕 Persian: خَلُّخ (Khallokh), Arabic قارلوق ''"Qarluq''") were a prominent nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in the regions of Kara-Irtysh (Black Irtysh) and the Tarbagatai Mountains west of the Altay Mountains in Central Asia. They were also known as the Gelolu (, customary phonetic: Gelu, Khololo, Khorlo or Harluut). They were closely related to the Uyghurs. Karluks gave their name to the distinct Karluk group of the Turkic languages, which also includes the Uyghur, Uzbek, and Ili Turki languages.
Karluks were known as a coherent ethnic group with autonomous status within the Göktürk kaganate and the independent states of the Karluk Yabgu and Karakhanids, before being absorbed in the Chagatai Khanate of the Mongol empire.
==Etymology==
The most ancient reference to the etymology of the Karluk name is recorded in the Chinese dynastic history ''Old Book of Tang'', which names Karluks as "Ko-lo-lu" and traces the name to the word "Karlik" (Turkic "snow piles"). "Kar" means "snow", as in the name of the Kar Sea. N. Aristov noted the river Kerlyk, a tributary of the Charysh River, proposing that the tribal name originated from the toponym with a Turkic meaning of "wild millet".〔N. Aristov, "Usuns and Kyryzes, or Kara-Kyryzes", Bishkek, 2001, pp. 142, 245.〕
The reverse is equally possible; the toponyms were named after an ethnonym of the native people. Another version cites the homonym of the Karluk valley in Altai. The derivation of Karluk from ''Kara'' (Turkic "Great", "Northern", "black") is considered to be philologically impossible, and incompatible with the well-documented Arabic form of the ethnonym ''"Halluh"''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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