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Propertarianism is an ethical discipline within libertarian philosophy that advocates contractual relationships as replacements for monopolistic bureaucracies organized as states. Propertarian ideals are most commonly cited to advocate for a state or other governance body whose main or only job is to enforce contracts and private property. ==History== It appears that the term was coined (in its most recent sense, at least) by Edward Cain, in 1963: :... Since () use of the word "liberty" refers almost exclusively to property, it would be helpful if we had some other word, such as "propertarian," to describe them. () Ayn Rand .... is the closest to what I mean by a propertarian. Hans Morgenthau used propertarianism to characterize the connection between property and suffrage.〔Hans Morgenthua, (p. 174 ).〕 Historian Marcus Cunliffe defined ''propertarianism'' in his 1973 lectures as "characteristic values of American history" in regard to property.〔Hans Joachim Morgenthau, (Kenneth W. Thompson, Robert John Myers, Editors), ''Truth and tragedy: a tribute to Hans J. Morgenthau'', Transaction Publishers, (p. 165 ), 1984 ISBN 0-87855-866-7.〕〔Marcus Cunliffe, ''The right to property: a theme in American history, Sir George Watson lecture delivered in the University of Leicester, 4 May 1973'' Leicester University Press, 1974 ISBN 0-7185-1129-8, ISBN 978-0-7185-1129-6〕〔Rob Kroes, ''Them and us: questions of citizenship in a globalizing world'', University of Illinois Press, (p. 208 ), 2000 ISBN 0-252-06909-9〕〔Marcus Cunliffe, ''In search of America: transatlantic essays, 1951-1990'', p. 307, 1991.〕 Markus Verhaegh states Rothbardian libertarian anarchism or anarcho-capitalism advocate that property only may originate by being the product of labor, and may then only legitimately change hands by trade or gift. They term this as "neo-Lockean".(2006) David Boaz writes that the "propertarian approach to privacy," both morally and legally, has ensured Americans' privacy rights. (2002)〔David Boaz, Cato Institute, ''Toward liberty: the idea that is changing the world : 25 years of public policy from the Cato Institute'', Cato Institute, (p. 386 ), 2002 ISBN 1-930865-27-9〕 L. Neil Smith describes propertarianism as a positive libertarian philosophy in his alternate history novels ''The Probability Broach'' (1980) and ''The American Zone'' (2002).〔L. Neil Smith, ''The American Zone'', p. 167, 2002.〕〔John J. Pierce, ''When world views collide: a study in imagination and evolution'', p. 163, 1989.〕 Brian Doherty describes Murray Rothbard's form of libertarianism as "propertarian" because he "reduced all human rights to rights of property, beginning with the natural right of self-ownership." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Propertarianism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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