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Prionomyrmecini
Prionomyrmecini is an ant tribe belonging to the subfamily Myrmeciinae established by William Morton Wheeler in 1915. Two members are a part of this tribe, the extant ''Nothomyrmecia'' and the extinct ''Prionomyrmex''. The tribe was once considered a subfamily due to the similarities between ''Nothomyrmecia'' and ''Prionomyrmex'', but such reclassification was not widely accepted by the scientific community. These ants can be identified by their long slender bodies, powerful stingers and elongated mandibles. Fossil Prionomyrmecini ants were once found throughout Europe, possibly nesting in trees and preferring jungle habitats. Today, Prionomyrmecini is only found in Australia, preferring old-growth mallee woodland surrounded by ''Eucalyptus'' trees. Workers of both genera feed on nectar and arthropods, using their compound eyes for prey and navigational purposes. Owing to their primitive nature, workers do not recruit others to food sources or leave down pheromone trails. ''Nothomyrmecia'' colonies are small, consisting of 50 to 100 individuals.
==Taxonomy==
Prionomyrmecini was originally described in 1915 by American entomologist William Morton Wheeler in his journal article "The ants of the Baltic amber", who originally placed it in the subfamily Ponerinae. In the same journal, Wheeler assigned ''Prionomyrmex'' as the sole member of the tribe. In 1954, William Brown Jr. moved the tribe to Myrmeciinae, noting similar morphological characteristics of ''Prionomyrmex'' and other genera such as ''Myrmecia'' and ''Nothomyrmecia''. In 2000, Cesare Baroni Urbani described a new fossil species from Baltic amber, which he named ''Prionomyrmex janzeni''. After examining specimens of his newly described species and ''Nothomyrmecia'', Baroni Urbani noted that ''Prionomyrmex'' is a paraphyletic relative to ''Nothomyrmecia'', and the two genera were so morphologically similar that ''Nothomyrmecia'' must be synonymised. Due to this, Baroni Urbani separated ''Prionomyrmex'' from Myrmeciinae and synonymised ''Nothomyrmecia'', renaming ''Nothomyrmecia macrops'' (the sole member of its genus) as ''Prionomyrmex macrops''. The tribe itself was later treated as a subfamily, known as Prionomyrmeciinae. In 2003, Dlussky & Perfilieva separated ''Nothomyrmecia'' from ''Prionomyrmex'' on the base of the fusion of an abdominal segment. In the same year, Ward & Brady treated Prionomyrmecini as a tribe of Myrmeciinae and moved the two genera back to the subfamily, who had provided strong evidence for the monophyly of ''Prionomyrmex''. In 2005 and 2008, Baroni Urbani provided additional evidence in favour of his proposed classification, and would reassign Prionomyrmecini as a subfamily. This view, however, has not been widely accepted by the scientific community and continue to use Ward and Brady's classification, rather than Baroni Urbani's.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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