| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Postenpflicht ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Postenpflicht
The Postenpflicht ("Duty of Guards") was part of a written order for SS guards in Nazi concentration camps regarding the use of firearms. It required SS guards to shoot prisoners who tried to escape or engage in resistance and to do so without verbal warning or a warning shot. This was relevant for example regarding the so-called "death strip" next to camp fences. The area next to these fences was off-limits and anyone getting too close to it was, in accordance with the Postenpflicht, killed without warning. The order stated that failure to shoot would result in the dismissal or arrest of the guard. Issued on October 1, 1933 as an order for Dachau, the order was later extended to other camps.
The "Postenpflicht" basically prohibited guards from reacting with anything less than a lethal shot to even minor violations of camp rules. Other sections of the infamous "Lagerordnung" further asserted this by establishing summary execution as punishment for anything from engaging in political discussion to hollering. The ''Postenpflicht'' was often considered to explain the high number of deaths from other than natural causes that occurred at concentration camps. Guards insisted they had not "killed", but rather had been attacked and had fired in self-defense or that they were simply "following orders" and had shot prisoners trying to escape.
== Background ==
Dachau concentration camp opened on March 22, 1933.〔Harry W. Mazal OBE, ("The Dachau Gas Chambers" ) Retrieved May 11, 2010〕〔("Ein Konzentrationslager für politische Gefangene" ) ("A concentration camp for political prisoners") Photo of newspaper article about Munich chief of police Heinrich Himmler's announcement of the opening of Dachau. ''Münchner Neueste Nachrichten'' (March 21, 1933) Retrieved May 11, 2010 〕 Though initially using local Munich policemen as guards, within weeks, they were replaced by the SS and on April 13, 1933, Hilmar Wäckerle, an SS-Standartenführer, became the first commandant. He was instructed by Heinrich Himmler, Munich chief of police and Obergruppenführer of the SS, to draw up a set of regulations for discipline in the camp. The rules were extremely harsh and several prisoners died as a direct result of their punishment.
The Munich prosecutor's office, not yet fully in line with National Socialist policy, in May 1933, began investigating the murder of several prisoners at Dachau concentration camp, prompted by the formal complaint of Sophie Handschuh, who wanted to know the true cause of her son's death at Dachau.〔Ernst Klee, ''Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich'', Frankfurt am Main (2007) p. 648 〕〔Letter of June 2, 1933, Munich District Court Prosecutor II to the State Ministry of Justice: Subject: "Death of protective custody prisoners at Dachau concentration camp." 〕 Rumors were already widespread about harsh treatment of those under detention and Himmler was forced to refute those claims, even while announcing the opening of Dachau.〔 Charges of murder were filed against Wäckerle and Himmler was forced to remove Wäckerle. The murder charges were later dropped after the chief prosecutor and his assistant were each transferred to other offices.〔("The Dachau murder camp" ) Retrieved May 11, 2010〕 Himmler continued his efforts to establish summary execution, then in practice only at Dachau, as a legitimate form of punishment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Postenpflicht」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|