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Portinscale is a village in Cumbria, England. It is situated close to the western shore of Derwentwater and within the Lake District National Park. It is some by road from Keswick. For administrative purposes, Portinscale lies within the civil parish of Above Derwent, the district of Allerdale, and the county of Cumbria. It is within the Workington constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament, and the North West England constituency of the European Parliament.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Election Maps )〕 The village covers approximately . At the 2011 census the population totalled 560.〔("Portinscale (Cumbria)" ) City Population. Retrieved 18 April 2014〕 The name of the village means "the harlot's hut", deriving from the Old English "portcwene" (harlot) and Old Norse "skáli" (hut).〔Fellows-Jensen, pp. 124–125〕 The scholar Eilert Ekwall cites an undated early spelling of the name as "Portquenscale".〔Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, New Series, 1866ff, ''quoted'' in Ekwall (1960), p. 371〕 ==History== The antiquary W G Collingwood, commenting on an archaeological find at Portinscale, wrote that it showed that "Stone Age man was fairly at home in the Lake District".〔Collingwood, p. 6〕 The remains of the workshop of a prehistoric tool-maker were discovered in 1901 by workmen digging out a fish-pond near the village, about from the north-west shore of Derwentwater.〔Rawnsley, H D. "Prehistoric Man In The Lake District", ''The Times'', 7 December 1901, p. 11〕 A later find was a mould dating from about 1400, used to make crucifixes for the use of religious pilgrims. Hardwicke Rawnsley, co-founder of the National Trust and vicar of Portinscale's parish church, Crosthwaite, theorised that the mouldings were sold to people ''en route'' to St Herbert's Island from Nichol End, Portinscale's embarkation point on Derwentwater.〔Bott, p. 5〕 From medieval times until the 20th century, according to records at Carlisle Castle, a Court Leet met periodically and appointed constables for Portinscale.〔Morris and Hodgson, p. 27〕 In the 17th century the village was a centre of Quakerism, and for preaching without a licence several local Quakers suffered the prescribed penalty, "ye Spoiling of their goods and imprisonment of their bodys."〔Bott, p. 130〕 The main road from Keswick to Cockermouth ran through Portinscale until the 1960s until the Bypass was built. In 1911 there was controversy about the county council's proposal to demolish the medieval bridge carrying the road across the River Derwent and replace it with a modern structure. There had been a stone bridge on the site since c. 1210–16, although the date of the structure under threat in 1911 is unknown.〔Thompson, pp. 347–348.〕 The bridge, properly called "the Long Bridge", was unusual in having two arches; on the great coach road from Kendal to Cockermouth all but two of the other bridges crossed their rivers in a single span.〔 Rawnsley and Sir Robert Hunter of the National Trust led the opposition to the council's proposal. They were supported by ''The Times'', ''The Manchester Guardian'' and the Royal Automobile Club,〔"The Care of Old Bridges", ''The Times'', 30 October 1911, p. 9; and "Portinscale Bridge", ''The Manchester Guardian'', 1 November 1911, p. 8〕 and the proposal was dropped. The old bridge survived for another 43 years, until it was damaged beyond repair by floods in December 1954.〔Bott, pp. 177–178〕 A temporary metal girder Callender-Hamilton bridge was placed across the river,〔Bott, p. 178〕 to carry alternating one-way traffic, and a new permanent bridge was built downstream, allowing the diversion of the main road to by-pass the village. After the new road bridge was opened, the temporary metal structure was replaced by a new pedestrian bridge on the old site, allowing foot traffic between Portinscale and Keswick on the path across the fields known as the Howrahs.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Portinscale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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