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Plovdiv ((ブルガリア語:Пловдив))〔(History (Plovdiv) )〕 is the second-largest city in Bulgaria with a population of 341,567 inhabitants as of 2015. It is the administrative center of Plovdiv Province and the municipalities of the City of Plovdiv, Maritsa municipality, and Rodopi municipality, whose municipal body had a population of 404,665 inhabitants as of 2015. It is an important economic, transport, cultural, and educational center, Plovdiv's history spans 6,000 years, with traces of a Neolithic settlement dating to roughly 4000 BC, ranking it among the world's oldest cities. Plovdiv was known in the West for most of its recorded history by the Greek name ''Philippoupolis'' (Φιλιππούπολις), which was introduced in 340 BC. The city was originally a Thracian settlement, later becoming invaded by Persians, Macedonians, Celts, Romans, Byzantine, Goths, Huns, Bulgarians, Crusaders, Russians and Ottomans. On 4 January 1878, Plovdiv was liberated from Ottoman rule by the Russian army. It remained within the borders of Bulgaria until July of the same year, when it became the capital of the autonomous Ottoman region of Eastern Rumelia. In 1885, Plovdiv and Eastern Rumelia itself became part of Bulgaria. Plovdiv is situated in south-central Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River. The city has historically developed on seven syenite hills, some of which are high. Because of these hills, Plovdiv is often referred to in Bulgaria as "The City of the Seven Hills". Plòvdiv is host to cultural events such as the International Fair Plovdiv, the international theatrical festival "A stage on a crossroad", and the TV festival "The golden chest". There are many remains preserved from antiquity such as the ancient Plovdiv Roman theatre, Roman odeon, Roman aqueduct, Roman Stadium, the archaeological complex Eirene, and others. The oldest American educational institution outside the United States was founded in Plovdiv in 1860, which was later moved to Sofia – today's American College of Sofia. On 5 September 2014, Plovdiv was selected as the Bulgarian host of the European Capital of Culture 2019. ==Name== Plovdiv was given various names throughout its long history. It was originally a Thracian settlement by the name of ''Eumolpias'' (Εὐμολπιάς), named after the mythical Thracian king Eumolpos, son of Poseidon. He is regarded as the progenitor of the Eumolpidae on of the two priestly clans holding the secrets of the Kykeon of the Eleusian Mysteries. Philip II of Macedon conquered the area in 342–341 BC and renamed the city ''Philippoupolis'' ((ギリシア語:Φιλιππούπολις)); the later Thracian name for the city, ''Pulpudeva'', is a translation. After the Romans took control of the area, the city was named in (ラテン語:Trimontium), meaning "The Three Hills", or, more literally, "The Three Mountains". The Slavic name occurred in different variants, ''Pəldin'' (Пълдин), ''Pləpdiv'' (Плъпдив), and ''Ploudin'' (Плоудин), based on the city's later Thracian name ''Pulpudeva'', while the current variant ''Plovdiv'' was documented (as Пло(в)дївь) for the first time in a Bulgarian apocryphal chronicle of the 11th century. The city was known as Philippoupolis in Western Europe well into the early 20th century. The city was known as ''Filibe'' in Turkish during the Ottoman Empire. The asteroid (minor planet) 3860 Plovdiv is named after the city. It was discovered by the Bulgarian astronomer Violeta G. Ivanova on 8 August 1986. Plovdiv Peak () on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, is also named after Plovdiv. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Plovdiv」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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