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Pithovirus
''Pithovirus'' is a genus of giant virus known from one species, ''Pithovirus sibericum'', which infects amoebas.〔 〕 It is a double-stranded DNA virus, and is a member of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses clade. It was first described in 2014 after a viable specimen was found in a 30,000-year-old ice core harvested from permafrost in Siberia, Russia.
==Description==
The genus name ''Pithovirus'', a reference to large storage containers of ancient Greece known as pithoi, was chosen to describe the new species. A specimen of ''Pithovirus'' measures approximately 1.5 µm in length and 0.5 µm in diameter, making it the largest virus yet found. It is 50% larger in size than the pandoraviruses, the previous largest known viruses, is larger than ''Ostreococcus'' the smallest eukaryotic cell, although ''Pandoravirus'' has the largest viral genome, containing 1.9 to 2.5 megabases of DNA.
''Pithovirus'' has a thick, oval wall with an opening at one end. Internally, its structure resembles a honeycomb.〔
The genome of ''Pithovirus'' contains 467 distinct genes, more than a typical virus but an order of magnitude less than found in ''Pandoravirus''.〔 Thus, its genome is far less densely packed than any other known virus. Two-thirds of its proteins are unlike those of other viruses. Despite the physical similarity with ''Pandoravirus'', the ''Pithovirus'' genome sequence reveals that it is barely related to that virus, but more closely resembles members of ''Marseilleviridae'', ''Megaviridae'' and ''Iridoviridae''.〔 These families all contain large icosahedral viruses with DNA genomes. The ''Pithovirus'' genome has 36% GC-content, similar to the ''Megaviridae'', in contrast to greater than 61% for pandoraviruses.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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