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Physalis
''Physalis'' (, sometimes ,〔''Oxford English Dictionary'' online, http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50178256〕 from ''physalis'' = bladder) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), which grow in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Most of the species, of which there may be 75-90, are indigenous to the New World. Cultivated species and weedy annuals have been introduced worldwide. A notable feature is the formation of a large papery husk derived from the calyx, which partly or fully encloses the fruit.〔Whitson, M. and P. S. Manos. (2005). (Untangling ''Physalis'' (Solanaceae) from the physaloids: a two-gene phylogeny of the Physalinae. ) ''Systematic Botany'' 30(1), 216-30.〕 The fruit is small and orange, similar in size, shape and structure to a small tomato.
At least 46 species are endemic to the country of Mexico.〔Vargas, O., et al. (2001). (Two new species of ''Physalis'' (Solanaceae) endemic to Jalisco, Mexico. ) ''Brittonia'' 53(4), 505-10.〕
Many ''Physalis'' species are called groundcherries. One name for ''Physalis peruviana'' is Inca berry; another is Cape gooseberry, not to be confused with the true gooseberries, which are of the genus ''Ribes'' in the family Grossulariaceae. Another name used to refer to the fruit is simply golden berries.
==Description==
''Physalis'' are herbaceous plants growing to 0.4 to 3 m tall, similar to the common tomato, a plant of the same family, but usually with a stiffer, more upright stem. They can be either annual or perennial. Most require full sun and fairly warm to hot temperatures. Some species are sensitive to frost, but others, such as the Chinese lantern, ''P. alkekengi'', tolerate severe cold when dormant in winter.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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