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In the 11th and 12th centuries the Countship of Penthièvre (''Breton: Penteur'') in Brittany (now in the department of Côtes-d'Armor) belonged to a branch of the sovereign House of Brittany. It initially belonged to the House of Rennes. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany, gave it to his brother Eudes in 1035, and his descendants formed a cadet branch of the ducal house. The geographical region of Brittany that constituted the holdings of Penthièvre correlate closely with the territories that constituted the early Breton kingdom of Domnonée. The history of the title Count of Penthièvre included frequent dispossessions and restorations. Henri d'Avaugour, heir of this family, was dispossessed of the countship in 1235. The Duke of Brittany, Pierre Mauclerc, founder of the Breton House of Dreux, gave it as dowry to his daughter, Yolande, on her marriage in 1238 to Hugh XI of Lusignan, Count of La Marche. John I, Duke of Brittany, Yolande's brother, seized the countship on her death in 1272. After the Breton War of Succession the title was dispossessed twice by the reigning Dukes of Brittany, once by John V and another time by Francis II. ==Disputed Heirs to the Ducal Crown of Brittany== In 1337 Joan the Lame, Duchess of Brittany, brought Penthièvre to her husband, Charles de Châtillon, Count of Blois. Joan was the daughter of Guy de Penthièvre, the brother of John III. When John III died a dispute emerged regarding the inheritance of the Duchy of Brittany. John III had tried to prevent the inheritance of the Duchy by his half brother John of Montfort. Joanna and Charles claimed the Ducal crown and were subsequently proclaimed the Duchess and Duke of Brittany, which John of Montfort also claimed. Their dispute prompted the Breton War of Succession. In 1352, during that war, the Estates of Brittany were established. In 1364, Joan and Charles lost the Breton civil war decisively; while they lost the duchy, they were permitted to keep Penthièvre, and Joan was permitted to keep the empty title Duchess of Brittany until her death. Under the Treaty of Guerande, Joanna was permitted to retain the title Duchess of Brittany as a titulary and she recognized John IV, John of Montfort's son, as the undisputed Duke. When John IV went into exile in England in 1373, Charles V of France named his brother Louis, Duke of Anjou lieutenant-general of Brittany. Louis was also a son-in-law of Joanna de Penthièvre. Under the Treaties of Guerande (1365 and 1381), in the event the House of Montfort failed to produce a male heir to the Duchy of Brittany, the senior male heir of Joanna would be recognized as Duke. (This provision of the treaty was never activated; the House of Montfort would eventually merge the ducal crown into the crown of France.) Joanna died in 1384 and left Penthièvre to her oldest son, Jean de Blois (1340–1404). In turn, Jean de Blois left Penthièvre to his son, Olivier (1389–1433) who would forfeit it to the Duke of Brittany in 1420. In 1420, Duke John the Wise was kidnapped by the Dowager Countess of Penthièvre, the wife of Jean de Blois, and her son Olivier. John's wife, Joan of France, besieged the rebels and set free her husband. The freed Duke confiscated the Penthièvres' goods. Olivier and his brother Jean de Blois (1393–1454) died childless, passing the recovered countship to Nicole de Blois (1424–1480), daughter of their brother Charles, seigneur of Avaugour (1396–1434). In 1437 Nicole married Jean II de Brosse. She was deprived of Penthièvre by Francis II, Duke of Brittany in 1465, thus undermining the Penthièvre family's position in the country. In 1488, at the death of the last Breton duke, Francis II, the head of the Penthièvre family was Jean de Brosse (died 1502), grandson of Nicole de Blois, who asserted his family's claim to the duchy, but Francis' daughter Anne succeeded. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Counts and dukes of Penthièvre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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