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Paucidentomys
''Paucidentomys'' is a genus of rodents of a type commonly known as shrew-rats which was discovered in 2012 in a remote rainforest on the Indonesian island, Sulawesi. The genus is monotypic, consisting of the species ''Paucidentomys vermidax''. The name, which is Latin and may be translated as "worm-eating few-toothed mouse", refers to the fact that they have only four teeth and may live exclusively on a diet of earthworms.〔Esselstyn, J.A., Achmadi, A.S. Rowe, K.C. (2012). Evolutionary novelty in a rat with no molars. Biology Letters, published online 22 August 2012, 〕〔(Gnaw way! New species of long-nosed rat discovered that cannot chew )〕 ''Paucidentomys vermidax'' is larger than ''Melasmothrix naso'', ''Sommeromys macrorhinos'' and ''Tateomys macrocercus'', similar in size to ''Tateomys rhinogradoides'', smaller than ''Rhynchomys soricoides'' and substantially smaller than species of ''Echiothrix''. The face is more elongate than that of any other Sulawesi shrew-rat, but similar in this regard to ''Rhynchomys''. It has a very long rostrum (relative to other Sulawesi shrew-rats), small eyes, large ears, a soft pelage and a long, thick, hairy and dorsoventrally bi-coloured tail.〔
==Unique dentition==
''Paucidentomys vermidax'' is the only known rodent with no molars, which is an adaptation to its diet which may be exclusively earthworms (it appears to be a specialist vermivore based on the stomach contents of one individual). Moreover, rather than gnawing incisors, this animal has bicuspid upper incisors, which is also unique among the more than 2,200 species of rodents. The upper incisors are short with an anterior cusp and slightly inferior posterior cusp; these cusps are connected by a sharp, concave cutting edge at the lateral margin of the tooth. The pterygoid plate is absent. The dentary is long and delicate, lacking significant muscle attachment points. The lower incisors are unicuspid, procumbent, sharp and delicate.〔 Its dental formula is .
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