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Patripassianism
In Christian theology, Patripassianism (as it is referred to in the Western church) or Sabellianism in the Eastern church (also known as modalism, modalistic monarchianism, or modal monarchism) is the nontrinitarian or anti-trinitarian belief that God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit are three different ''modes'' or ''aspects'' of one monadic God, as perceived by ''the believer'', rather than three distinct persons within ''the Godhead'' - that there are no real or substantial differences between the three, such that there is no substantial identity for the Spirit or the Son.〔G. T. Stokes, “Sabellianism,” ed. William Smith and Henry Wace, A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines (London: John Murray, 1877–1887), 567.〕
In the West it was known as patripassianism (from Latin ''patri''- "father" and ''passio'' "suffering"), because the teaching required that since the Father had become incarnate in Christ, he had suffered.〔Alan Cairns, Dictionary of Theological Terms (Belfast; Greenville, SC: Ambassador Emerald International, 2002), 285.〕
==Trinitarian perspective==
From the standpoint of the doctrine of the Trinity—one divine being existing in three persons—patripassianism is considered heretical since "it simply cannot make sense of the New Testament's teaching on the interpersonal relationship of Father, Son, and Spirit." In this patripassianism asserts that God the Father—rather than God the Son—became incarnate and suffered on the cross for humanity's redemption. This not only denies the personhood of God-the-Son (Jesus Christ), but is seen by trinitarians as distorting the ''spiritual transaction'' that was taking place at the cross, which the Apostle Paul described as follows: "God (Father ) was reconciling the world to himself in Christ (Son ), not counting people’s sins against them. . . . God (Father ) made him who had no sin () to be sin for us, so that in him (Son ) we might become the righteousness of God (Father )." ((2 Corinthians 5:19, 21 ))
It is possible, however, to modify patripassianism so as to acknowledge the Divine Being as having ''feelings'' toward, and ''sharing in the experiences'' of, both God-Incarnate (Jesus) and other human beings. Full-orbed patripassianism denies Trinitarian distinctions, yet it is ''not'' heretical to say that God "feels" or "experiences" things, including nonphysical forms of suffering. With regard to the crucifixion of Jesus, it is consistent with Scriptural teaching to say that God the Father "suffered"—that is, felt emotional/spiritual pain—along with His Son. This was due to the temporary breach of their relationship when the Son took upon himself the wrath of the Father toward sin. Jesus expressed this temporal divine rift when he cried out, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" ((Matthew 27:46 ))
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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