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''Pantherophis'' is a proposed genus of nonvenomous colubrid snakes endemic to North America and Central America, commonly called ratsnakes or rat snakes. All are powerful constrictors and help control rodent populations. Some taxonomic classification systems have accepted the proposed classification, while others have not. Although ''Pantherophis'' was originally proposed in 1843, in more recent history these species were placed in the genus ''Elaphe''. In 2002 Utiger et al. raised a taxonomic suggestion to resurrect the genus ''Pantherophis'' based on mitochondrial DNA evidence suggesting the New World ratsnakes are more closely related to king snakes than to the Old World ratsnakes.〔Utiger, Urs; Notker Helfenberger; Beat Schätti; Catherine Schmidt; Markus Ruf; and Vincent Ziswile (2002). (Molecular Systematics and Phylogeny of Old and New World Ratsnakes ... ) ''Russian Journal of Herpetology'' 9(2):105-124.〕 This was confirmed by later phylogenetic studies.〔Pyron RA, & Burbrink FT. 2009. Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae). ''Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 52: 524-529.〕 However, the ICZN rejected the renaming, and thus ''Elaphe'' remains the more widely recognized and broadly accepted genus name. The ITIS also identifies all species names that use ''Pantherophis'' as "invalid" names – using ''Elaphe'' consistently for listings marked as valid.〔(ITIS Search ) results for "Pantherophis" (accessed August 2015).〕 ==Species== The following species are included:〔〔(''Pantherophis'' ), The Reptile Database〕 *''Pantherophis alleghaniensis'' (Holbrook, 1836) – eastern ratsnake *''Pantherophis bairdi'' (Yarrow, 1880) – Baird's ratsnake *''Pantherophis emoryi'' (Baird & Girard, 1853) – Great Plains ratsnake *''Pantherophis gloydi'' (Conant, 1940) – eastern foxsnake *''Pantherophis guttatus'' (Linnaeus, 1766) – red cornsnake *''Pantherophis obsoletus'' (Say, 1823) – western ratsnake or Texas ratsnake *''Pantherophis ramspotti'' Crother, White, Savage, Eckstut, Graham & Gardner, 2011 – western foxsnake *''Pantherophis slowinskii'' (Burbrink, 2002) – Slowinski's cornsnake *''Pantherophis spiloides'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – gray ratsnake or central ratsnake *''Pantherophis vulpinus'' (Baird & Girard, 1853) – western foxsnake Fitzinger designated ''Pantherophis guttatus'' as the type species for the genus ''Pantherophis''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pantherophis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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