|
() is a colloquial term in Czech and Slovak for a panel building constructed of pre-fabricated, pre-stressed concrete, such as those extant in the former Czechoslovakia and elsewhere in the world. () is derived from the standard or (スロバキア語:panelový dom) meaning, literally, "panel house / prefabricated-sections house". The term "panelák" is used mainly for the elongate blocks with more sections with separate entrances – simple panel tower blocks are called "věžový dům" (tower house) or colloquially "věžák". The buildings remain a towering, highly visible reminder of the Communist era. According to census statistics, around one in three Czechs still live in a ''.'' Similar buildings were built in all communist countries, from Poland ' to Mongolia. There were also attempts to introduce similar structures as public housing in the United States (see Pruitt–Igoe and Cabrini–Green), but almost all ended in failure – some in disaster. ==History== Paneláks resulted from two main factors: the postwar housing shortage and the ideology of Czechoslovak leaders. Planners from the Communist era wanted to provide large quantities of affordable housing and to slash costs by employing uniform designs over the whole country. They also sought to foster a "collectivistic nature" in the people. In case of war, these houses would not be as susceptible to firebombing as traditional, densely packed buildings. Between 1959 and 1995, paneláks containing 1.17 million flats were built in what is now the Czech Republic. They house about 3.5 million people, or about one-third of the country's population. In Prague and other large cities, most paneláks were built in a type of housing estate known as a sídliště. Such developments now dominate the suburbs of Prague, Bratislava and other towns. The first sídliště built in Prague was Petřiny in the 1950s; the largest in Prague is Jižní Město (about 100,000 inhabitants), with 200 buildings built since the 1970s. The largest concentration of paneláks in the former Czechoslovakia and central Europe can be found in Petržalka (population about 130,000), a section of the Slovak capital of Bratislava. The city of Most is known for having a dominant share of people living in paneláks (approx. 80%). The historical city was torn down due to the spread of coal mining and the majority of its population was moved into paneláks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Panelák」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|