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PYGB
Glycogen phosphorylase, brain (PYGB, GPBB), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PYGB'' gene on chromosome 20. The protein encoded by this gene is a glycogen phosphorylase found predominantly in the brain. The encoded protein forms homodimers which can associate into homotetramers, the enzymatically active form of glycogen phosphorylase. The activity of this enzyme is positively regulated by AMP and negatively regulated by ATP, ADP, and glucose-6-phosphate. This enzyme catalyzes the rate-determining step in glycogen degradation. (by RefSeq, Jul 2008 )〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5834 )〕
==Structure==
The ''PYGB'' gene encodes one of three major glycogen phosphorylase isoforms, which are distinguished by their different structures and subcellular localizations: brain (PYGB), muscle (PYGM), and liver (PYGL). GPBB is the longest of the three isozymes, with a length of 862 residues, due to the extended 3'-UTR at the enzyme's C-terminal. Nonetheless, it shares high homology in amino acid sequence with the other two isozymes, with 83% similarity with PYGM and 80% similarity with PYGL. Moreover, both its nucleotide and amino acid sequences and its codon usage share higher similarity with those of PYGM, thus indicating that the two share a closer evolutionary descent by gene duplication and translocation of a common ancestral gene. A possible pseudogene can be found on chromosome 10.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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