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''Ostsiedlung'' ((:ˈɔstˌziːdlʊŋ), literally ''east settling''), also called German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of German speakers from the Holy Roman Empire (primarily present-day southern and western Germany) into less-populated regions of Eastern Europe. The affected area roughly stretched from Slovenia to Estonia, and southwards into Transylvania. In part, ''Ostsiedlung'' followed the territorial expansion of the Empire and the Teutonic Order. According to Jedlicki (1950), in many cases the term "German colonization" does not refer to an actual migration of Germans, but rather to the internal migration of native populations (Poles, Hungarians, etc.) from the countryside to the cities, which then adopted laws modeled on those of the German towns of Magdeburg and Lübeck. 19th- and 20th-century German historians have often exaggerated the importance of the adoption of Salic law and settlement in Central and Eastern Europe for political reasons; while the phenomenon did increase the economic wellbeing of destination countries, at least some of them, like medieval Poland, were already quite developed economically and politically〔Oskar Halecki, W: F. Reddaway, J. H. Penson, (The Cambridge History of Poland ), Cambridge University Press, 1971, pg. 125〕 and the local Slavic population was already far more strongly established in its towns than previously believed; the whole process took part in territories where Slavic solid organisational structures existed.〔C''ivilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century: The structure of everyday life'' Fernand Braudel, page 100,University of California Press 1992〕 Before and during the time of German settlement, late medieval Central and Eastern European societies underwent deep cultural changes in demography, religion, law and administration, agriculture, settlement numbers and structures. Thus ''Ostsiedlung'' is part of a process termed ''Ostkolonisation'' ("east colonization") or ''Hochmittelalterlicher Landesausbau'' ("high medieval land consolidation"), although these terms are sometimes used synonymously. Ethnic conflicts erupted between the newly arrived settlers and local populations, sometimes bloody, and expulsions of native populations are also known.〔''The Germans and the East'', Charles W. Ingrao, Franz A. J. Szabo, Jan Piskorski Medieval Colonization in Europe, page 31, Purdue University Press,2007〕 In several areas subject to the ''Ostsiedlung'', the existing population was later discriminated against and pushed away from administration.〔Tadeusz Białecki, ''Historia Szczecina: zarys dziejów miasta od czasów najdawniejszych do 1980 r'', Ossolineum, 1992〕〔(Pomorze słowiańskie, Pomorze germańskie ), Biuletyn Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego〕 In the 20th century the ''Ostsiedlung'' was heavily exploited by German nationalists, including the Nazis, to press the territorial claims of Germany and to demonstrate supposed German superiority over non-Germanic peoples, whose cultural, urban and scientific achievements in that era were rejected and presented as German.〔The Slippery Memory of Men (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450) by Paul Milliman page 2 〕〔The Man of Many Devices, Who Wandered Full Many Ways ...: Festschrift in Honor of Janos M.Bak () Balázs Nagy (Editor), Marcell Sebok (Editor) page 654, 655〕〔The Holocaust as Colonial Genocide: Hitler's 'Indian Wars' ... - Page 38 Carroll P. Kakel III - 2013 Within National Socialist discourse, the Nazis purposefully and skillfully presented their eastern colonization project as a 'continuation of medieval Ostkolonisation (colonization ), celebrated in the language of continuity, legacy, and colonial grandeur'.〕 ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ostsiedlung」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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