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Ortolanus (fl. 1300), also known as Hortulanus was a medieval alchemist. Little information exists about his life and identity. He is best known for his influential commentary on The Emerald Tablet entitled Liber super textum Hermetis. It was composed before 1325, and the original work has two sections. The first is entitled ''Spiritus quinte essentie et in quo elemento habitat''. It is dedicated to making a prodigious substance, the quintessence, from a mysterious material called ''argento vivo'', which happens to be wine. Ortholan is the first author to relate alcohol and quintessence, half a century before Jean de Roquetaillade.〔JOSÉ RODRÍGUEZ-GUERRERO, Desarrollo y Madurez del Concepto de Quintaesencia Alquímica en la Europa Medieval (s. XII-XIV). pp. 30-56. http://www.revistaazogue.com/azogue5.htm 〕 According to his view, the quintessence would have a universal presence, but is best obtained of some substances. Ideally the wine. The second part is a theoretical text. It is written as a comment to the Emerald Tablet attributed to Hermes. Its theme revolves around the primordial heat, praised by Hermes as a universal substrate that gives dynamism to the whole cosmos. Ortolanus believes alcohol or quintessence is the hidden primordial heat in all material things. This second part was published in the alchemical compilation ''In hoc volumine de alchemia continentur hæc'' (1541). It was printed again in 1545. A 1560 edition appeared under the name ''Compendium alchimiae'' and was attributed to Johannes de Garlandia (philologist). Another edition followed in 1571.〔Bibliotheca Chemica, Part 1 By John Ferguson p.420〕 With this widespread the second section became very popular among alchemists of the Early modern period. The first part, which was never published, was forgotten and no one related Ortolanus to the development of the concept of quitaessencia. ==Identity== The true identity of Ortolanus is unknown. His works have been falsely attributed to Johannes de Garlandia (philologist) (fl. 1205-1255), and more probably to Jakob Ortlein of Nördlingen (fl.1275-1325), who may have been a Dominican monk.〔JOSÉ RODRÍGUEZ-GUERRERO, Desarrollo y Madurez del Concepto de Quintaesencia Alquímica en la Europa Medieval (s. XII-XIV). p. 40. http://www.revistaazogue.com/Azogue5-3.pdf〕 He has also been given the names Martin Ortolan or Lortholain in later sources. The preface of his famous commentary gives a hint to his identity: "I Hortulanus, so called from the Gardens bordering upon the sea coast, wrapped in a Iacobin skinne, unworthy to be called a Disciple of Philosophie,...". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ortolanus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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