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Orthosternarchus tamandua
''Orthosternarchus tamandua'' is a species of weakly electric knifefish in the family Apteronotidae, native to the deep river channels of the Amazon basin. This species is characterized by its long tubular snout, long dorsal appendage, and tiny, bilaterally asymmetrical eyes.〔
==Systematics==
''O. tamandua'' was originally described as ''Sternarchus tamandua'' by George Albert Boulenger in 1880; its species name is from the Tupi word ''tamanduá'', meaning "anteater", in reference to its long snout. In 1905, Eigenmann and Ward placed this species in the genus ''Sternarchorhamphus'', though noting that it may represent a distinct taxon. In 1913, Ellis placed this species into its own genus ''Orthosternarchus'', from the Greek ''orthos'' ("straight"), ''sternon'' ("chest"), and ''archos'' ("rectum"), referring to the straight snout and the forward placement of the urogenital opening.
Ellis saw ''O. tamandua'' as a close relative to ''Sternarchorhamphus'', which has been corroborated by recent morphological and molecular analyses. The relationship between these two genera and the rest of the Apteronotidae is less clear, though they are generally regarded as basal within the family. Some authors consider them to be sister taxa to ''Platyurosternarchus'' and ''Sternarchorhynchus'', which also have elongate heads. However, in those taxa the elongation is accomplished by lengthening of the jaws, whereas in ''Orthosternarchus'' and ''Sternarchorhamphus'' it is accomplished by the lengthening of the head while the jaws remain relatively short. This suggests that elongate head shape was independently evolved between the two groups.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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