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''Odorrana'' (commonly known as the odorous frog) is a genus of true frogs (Ranidae) from East Asia and surrounding regions. Many of these frogs inhabit fast-flowing mountain streams, and they typically have a remarkably pointed snout, as evidenced by common names like tip-nosed frog and scientific names like ''nasica'' or ''nasutus'' ("with a nose"). ==Systematics and taxonomy== ''Odorrana'' has a confusing taxonomic and systematic history. Most species placed here were initially placed in ''Rana''. Some were considered to belong in ''Amolops'' and ''Huia'' instead, and yet again others were separated as ''Eburana''. The most extreme proposal was to merge ''Odorrana'' into ''Huia''.〔Cai ''et al.'' (2007), Stuart (2008)〕 In the early 21st century, molecular phylogenetic studies established that the systematic confusion was due to widespread convergent evolution between ''Amolops'', ''Huia'' and ''Odorrana'', which actually represent quite distinct lineages of Raninae. This necessitated some taxonomic changes, especially affecting ''Huia''. It was also found that ''Odorrana'' is a rather close relative of ''Rana'' (which includes ''Lithobates'' nowadays) – possibly the most closely related living lineage. And while it is not completely certain that ''Odorrana'' is in fact a distinct genus, the available evidence points towards this being so.〔 Initial studies have revealed what seems to be several clades of ''Odorrana'', which are sometimes considered subgenera. But few species have had their DNA sequence data sampled, and that the convergent evolution is liable to obscure relationships if assessed by morphology alone:〔 * A number of very basal species, including ''O. bacboensis'', ''O. chapaensis'', Ishikawa's Frog (''O. ishikawae'') and perhaps others do not seem to be particularly close to any of the larger groups or each other. * A very robustly-supported clade containing the type species ''O. margaretae'' as well as at least ''O. andersonii'', ''O. daorum'' ''O. grahami'' and ''O. hmongorum''. * A minor but quite distinct lineage containing ''O. absita'', ''O. khalam'' and perhaps others. Namely ''O. hejiangensis'' and ''O. schmackeri'' might belong here, or represent another minor and distinct lineage. * A large group, quite likely a clade, containing the Amami Tip-nosed Frog (''O. amamiensis''), ''O. banaorum'', ''O. chloronota'', Hose's Frog (''O. hosii''), ''O. livida'', ''O. morafkai'', ''O. megatympanum'', the Ryukyu Tip-nosed Frog (''O. narina''), ''O. supranarina'', ''O. swinhoana'', ''O. tiannanensis'', ''O. utsunomiyaorum'' and probably others. The specialized lineage encompassing the Long-snout Torrent Frog (''O. nasica''), the Concave-eared Torrent Frog (''O. tormota''), ''O. versabilis'', and maybe some more species also belongs here. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Odorrana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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