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The ''Nogeoldae'' () is a textbook of colloquial northern Chinese published in Korea in several editions from the 14th to 18th centuries. The book is an important source on both Late Middle Korean and the history of Mandarin Chinese. Later editions were translated into Manchu and Mongolian. == Contents == The word ''Geoldae'' of the title means "Chinese". Like the term ''Cathay'', it is a transcription of the Mongolian form of ''Khitan'', a people who ruled northern China as the Liao dynasty (907–1125). It became a common name thoughout Asia for China and all things Chinese. The book mainly consists of dialogues centred on a journey of a Korean merchant and his relatives to Beijing. It opens with the following lines: On the way they are joined by Chinese travellers. After arriving in Beijing, they sell Korean commodities and purchase goods to sell back in Korea. The book concludes with their departure from Beijing. The book focusses on the language used in travel, business, banquets and medicine. It also contains unique insights into life in Beijing, including the first instance of the word ''hutong'' (alley). Later editions are accompanied by explanatory notes (諺解 ''eonhae'') interleaved with the text. Below each Chinese character are written two transcriptions in Hangul: a "left reading" taken from the "popular readings" in Shin Suk-ju's 1455 dictionary, and a "right reading" reflecting contemporary pronunciation. Each Chinese sentence is followed by a colloquial Korean translation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nogeoldae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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