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Neurotology or neuro-otology is a branch of clinical medicine which studies and treats neurological disorders of the ear.〔(Information on Neurotology from the ENT Centre in Fort Wayne ) retrieved 25 October 2009〕 It is a subspecialty of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, and is closely related to otology. Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss, whereas neurotology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders. Neurotologists are physicians who have specialized in otolaryngology and then further specialized in neurological conditions of the ear and related structures. Many general otolaryngologists are trained in otology or middle ear surgery, performing surgery such as a tympanoplasty, or a reconstruction of the ear drum, when a hole remains from a prior ear tube or prior infection. Otologic surgery also includes treatment of conductive hearing loss by reconstructing the hearing bones, or ossicles, as a result of infection, or by replacing the stapes bone with a stapedectomy for otosclerosis. Neurotology encompasses more complex surgery of the inner ear not typically performed by general otolaryngologists, such as removal of complex cholesteatoma, labyrinthectomy, surgery of the endolymphatic sac for meniere's disease and cochlear implant surgery, because of the additional risk of hearing loss, vertigo, and facial nerve paralysis. It is more and more common in the United States as well as around the world for otolaryngologists to obtain additional advanced training in neurotology, which requires an additional one or two years of fellowship training after five years of residency. Historically neurotology fellowship programs have only been one additional year. Currently most one-year programs are non-accredited programs, but offer training in a wide variety of otologic and neurotologic procedures. Many non-accredited programs do not emphasize surgery of the lateral skull base, but many do offer training in acoustic neuromas, glomus jugulare and other skull base surgeries. These non-accredited neurotology fellowships are also referred to as advanced otology fellowships. Two-year accredited programs have become a growing trend in the last 5-10 years, and are more geared towards academic training, with the additional year often being more focused on research. The advantage of the additional accreditation, separate from otolaryngology, is to emphasize training in the skull base procedures and qualify these trainees for intracranial surgery.〔(Frequently Asked Questions about Board of Registration in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology ) retrieved 25 October 2009〕 ==Field of work== Conditions treated by neurotologists include: * Vestibular (balance) diseases, such as Ménière's disease and vestibular neuronitis * Skull base tumors, such as vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) * Facial nerve disorders, including facial nerve paralysis * Hearing loss and deafness * Certain conditions relating to the skull base〔(Neurotology research centre )〕 Many of these conditions also relate to otology 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neurotology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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