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Cloud Cuckoo Land refers to a state of absurdly over-optimistic fantasy or an unrealistically idealistic state where everything is perfect. The term "to live in cloud cuckoo land" is used for a person who thinks that things that are completely impossible might happen, rather than understanding how things really are. It also hints that the person referred to is naïve, unaware of realities or deranged in holding such an optimistic belief. Cockaigne, the land of plenty in medieval myth, can be referred to as the modern day cloud cuckoo land. It was an imaginary place of extreme luxury and ease where physical comforts and pleasures were always immediately at hand and where the harshness of medieval peasant life did not exist. ==Literary sources== Aristophanes, a Greek playwright, wrote and directed a drama ''The Birds'', first performed in 414 BC, in which Pisthetaerus, a middle-aged Athenian persuades the world's birds to create a new city in the sky to be named Cloud Cuckoo Land (, '), thereby gaining control over all communications between men and gods. The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer used the word (German ''ドイツ語:Wolkenkuckucksheim'') in his publication ''On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason'' in 1813,〔(''On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason'' ) § 34, p. 133.〕 as well as later in his main work ''The World as Will and Representation''〔(''The World as Will and Representation'' ) Vol. I, Part 4, § 53, p. 352.〕 and in other places. Here, he gave it its figurative sense by reproaching other philosophers for only talking about Cloud-cuckoo-land. The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche refers to the term in his essay "On Truth and Lying in a Nonmoral Sense." Author Edward Crankshaw used the term when discussing the Deak-Andrassy Plan of 1867 in his 1963 book ''The Fall of the House of Habsburg'' (Chapter 13, "The Iron Ring of Fate"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cloud cuckoo land」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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