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Neo-medievalism
Neo-medievalism (or neomedievalism) is a neologism that was first popularized by the Italian medievalist Umberto Eco in his 1986 essay "Dreaming in the Middle Ages".〔Umberto Eco, "Dreaming the Middle Ages," in ''Travels in Hyperreality'', transl. by W. Weaver, NY: Harcourt Brace, 1986, 61-72. Umberto Eco said "..we are at present witnessing, both in Europe and America, a period of renewed interest in the Middle Ages, with a curious oscillation between fantastic neomedievalism and responsible philological examination.."〕 Prior to this the term was used in Isaiah Berlin's "The Hedgehog and the Fox" 〔Isaiah Berlin, "The Hedgehog and the Fox: An Essay on Tolstoy’s View of History, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1953; New York, p.76; "those who really did believe in the possibility of some kind of return- neo-medievalists from Wackenroder and Gorres and Cobbett tp G.K. Chesterton..."〕 to refer to a nostalgic romanticism for the simplicity and order of the medieval period.
In its modern use, it has been used by various writers such as medieval historians who see it as the intersection between popular fantasy and medieval history;〔David Ketterer (2004). ("Chapter 18: Fantasic Neomedievalism" ) by Kim Selling, in ''(Flashes of the Fantastic )''.〕 as a term describing the post-modern study of medieval history;〔Cary John Lenehan. ("Postmodern Medievalism" ), University of Tasmania, November 1994.〕 and as political theory about modern international relations.〔Stephen J. Kobrin. ("Back to the Future: Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy" ).〕
==Culture==
The widespread interest in medieval themes in popular culture, especially computer games such as MMORPGs, films and television, neo-medieval music, and popular literature, has been called neomedieval. Critics have discussed why medieval themes continue to fascinate audiences in a modern, heavily technological world. A possible explanation is the need for a romanticized historical narrative to clarify the confusing panorama of current political and cultural events.
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