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The Nemetes (; (ドイツ語:Nemeter)), by modern authors sometimes called Nemeti,〔Christoph Heinrich Friedrich Bialloblotzky "German reading lessons. Selected from Menzel's ''Geschichte der Deutschen''", J.Wacey, London, 1838 ((google books) )〕〔Frederick Kohlrausch "History of Germany. From the Earliest Period to the Present Time". D.Appleton and Company, New York, 1880. ((google books) )〕 were an ancient Germanic tribe living by the Rhine where Ariovistus had led them, the Suebi and other allied Germanic peoples in the second quarter of the 1st century BC. The Roman name for Speyer, ''Noviomagus Nemetum'', reflects this city's status as the Nemetes' tribal capital. According to Tacitus, they were "unquestionably Germanic".〔Tacitus. ''Germania'' 28.〕 The name of the tribe, however, is Celtic as the name of its main town ''Noviomagus'' meaning ''noviios'' 'new' and ''magos'' 'plain', 'market' (cf. Old Irish ''mag'' 'plain'),〔 as are those of a number of gods worshipped in their territory, including Nemetona, who is thought to have been their eponymous deity.〔John T. Koch (2006). ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia.'' ABC-CLIO, p. 1351.〕 Both of these names derive from the Celtic root ''nemeto-'', referring to sacred spaces.〔Xavier Delamarre (2003). ''Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise.'' Éditions Errance, p. 233.〕〔 In ''De Bello Gallico'', Caesar writes that the Hercynian Forest "begins at the frontiers of the Helvetii, Nemetes, and Rauraci, and extends in a right line along the river Danube to the territories of the Daci and the Anartes".〔C. Iulius Caesar, ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'', VI:25. Translation based on W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn (1869), cf. Latin text.〕 Their territory on the left bank of the Rhine had belonged to the Mediomatrici during the time of Caesar and Strabo, but the Nemetes must have crossed the river and settled there sometime afterwards.〔George Long. ("Mediomatrici" ), from Smith's ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography.''〕 Under the Roman administrative organization of Gaul, the Nemetes constituted a ''civitas'' of the province of Upper Germany with a relatively small territory extending from the Rhine into the Palatinate Forest and an administrative centre at Speyer. Ptolemy mentions ''Neomagus'' (i.e. ''Noviomagus'') and ''Rufiniana'' as the towns of the Nemetes;〔Claudius Ptolemaeus. ''Geographia,'' (II:8. )〕 if the latter is to be identified with Rouffach, Ptolemy is mistaken in attributing it to the Nemetes, for Rouffach is far to the south in Rauracan territory.〔George Long. ("Rufiniana" ), from Smith's ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography.''〕〔In fact, the mistake comes from more modern historians, because ''Rufiniana'' cannot be the former name of Rouffach. It is impossible for three reasons : 1 - The ancient forms of this place-name are known as ''Rubiaco'' en 662, ''Rubac'' 912, ''Rubiacum'' 12th. 2 - The end of ''Rufiniana'' supposes two suffixes ''-ini(us?)-ana'' and ''Rubiaco'' has only one ''-aco''. 3 - The first element ''Ruf-'' cannot change to () into Latin ''Rub-''. On the contrary, the shift from () to () and finally to () (''Rubac'' > '' *Rupach'' > Rouffach) is the typical result of the High German consonant shift, that took place a long time after Ptolemy's death.〕 It may also be supposed that ''Saletio'' (Seltz) belonged to the Nemetes, as in modern times it belonged to the diocese of Speyer; Saletio would have been near the northern limits of the Triboci, whose ''civitas'' later became the diocese of Strasbourg.〔George Long. ("Triboci" ), from Smith's ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography.''〕 The Nemetes fought alongside the Romans and Vangiones against the Chatti when the latter invaded in 50 AD.〔Tacitus. ''Annals, (XII: 27. )〕 The name of the Nemetes has been proposed, on contestable grounds,〔("nêmьcь". ) ''Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften'', Band 15. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1867. 〕 as a possible source of the term for Germany and German people in (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():nemţi/neamţ), (ハンガリー語:német(ek)) and the Slavic languages, e.g. in the Russian language, ''Niemcy'' in Polish or ''Němci'' in Czech.〔''The Journal of Indo-European studies'' 1974, (v.2 )〕〔(Etymology of the Polish-language word for Germany ) 〕 See also exonyms. == See also == *Nemetati *Vangiones *List of Germanic peoples 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nemetes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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