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Nativism (politics)
Nativism is the political position of preserving status for certain established inhabitants of a nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants.
According to Fetzer, (2000) opposition to immigration is common in many countries because of issues of national, cultural, and religious identity. The phenomenon has been studied especially in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States, as well as Europe in recent years, where immigration is seen as lowering the wages of the less well paid natives. Thus nativism has become a general term for 'opposition to immigration' based on fears that the immigrants will distort or spoil existing cultural values.
In situations where immigrants greatly outnumber the original inhabitants,〔D. Groenfeldt, "The future of indigenous values: cultural relativism in the face of economic development," ''Futures'' Volume 35, Issue 9, November 2003, pp 917-929〕 nativistic movements can allow cultural survival. Among North American Indians important nativist movements include Neolin (the "Delaware Prophet", 1762), Tenskwatawa (the Shawnee prophet, 1808), and Wovoka (the Ghost Dance movement, 1889). They held anti-white views, teaching that whites were morally inferior to the Indians and their ways must be rejected. Thus Tenskwatawa taught that the Americans were "children of the Evil Spirit."〔Philip Deloria and Neal Salisbury, eds. ''A companion to American Indian history'' (2004) p 131〕〔Mary Kupiec Cayton and Peter W. Williams, eds, ''Encyclopedia of American cultural and intellectual history'' (2001) p. 297 for quote〕
In scholarly studies ''nativism'' is a standard technical term. The term is typically not accepted by those who hold this political view, however. Dindar (2010) wrote "nativists...do not consider themselves as nativists. For them it is a negative term and they rather consider themselves as 'Patriots.'" ''Anti-immigration'' is a more neutral term for opponents of immigration.
==By country==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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