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Nahalal (), is a moshav in northern Israel. Its name derives from a Biblical village in the tribe of Zebulun (). Covering 8.5 square kilometers, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2008 it had a population of 907.〔 Founded in 1921, it was the first ''moshav ovidim'' (workers' cooperative agricultural settlement) in Palestine. ==History== The modern moshav was designed by Richard Kauffmann and was established in 1921. Its founders immigrated to Mandate Palestine from Eastern Europe in what is known as the Second Aliyah and Third Aliyah between 1904 and 1914 (at the end of the Ottoman rule), some of whom had been members of the first kibbutz, Degania. After working in farming communities for a decade, they dreamt of establishing an income-sharing farming community similar to a kibbutz, but they wanted to maintain the nuclear household structure (kibbutzim had communal dining and children slept in separate housing). Nahalal was established on 11 September 1921 on land that had been given to them by the Jewish National Fund. The rivulets created marshes that attracted Anopheles mosquitoes that spread malaria. Heeding the warnings of the experts among them, like Dr. Hillel Yaffe, an expert on the war against malaria, they temporarily settled on a nearby hill, near the Arab village of Ma'lul. Later, the founders came down from the hill and divided the land. On 22 December 1932, a member of Nahalal and his son were killed when a bomb was thrown into their home. The physical layout of Nahalal, devised by architect Richard Kauffmann, became the pattern for many moshavim established before 1948; it is based on concentric circles, with the public buildings (school, administrative and offices, services, and warehouses) in the center, the homesteads in the innermost circle, the farm buildings in the next, and beyond those, ever-widening circles of gardens and fields. initially divided to 80 equal parcels, 75 to the members and 5 to Kaduri agricultural school (the first two parts and the last three parts contain the agricultural school). This equal parceling of the land became the trademark geometric shape of Nahalal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nahalal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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