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A Notice to Airmen (NOTAM or NoTAM) is a notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of potential hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight. NOTAMs are unclassified notices or advisories distributed by means of telecommunication that contain information concerning the establishment, conditions or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel and systems concerned with flight operations.〔AIR FORCE INSTRUCTION INTERSERVICE PUBLICATION 11-208 http://www.e-publishing.af.mil〕 NOTAMs are created and transmitted by government agencies and airport operators under guidelines specified by Annex 15: Aeronautical Information Services of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (CICA). The term NOTAM came into common use rather than the more formal ''Notice to Airmen'' following the ratification of the CICA, which came into effect on 4 April 1947. Notices to Airmen were normally published in a regular publication by each country's air authorities (e.g., in ''Flight Magazine'' in the UK).〔("Notices To Airmen" ), a 1921 NOTAM in ''Flight'' magazine〕 A number of developments and amendments to the CICA have resulted in the more automated system available today. A NOTAM is filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of any hazards ''en route'' or at a specific location. The authority in turn provides a means of disseminating relevant NOTAMs to pilots. ==Usage== NOTAMs are issued (and reported) for a number of reasons, such as: * hazards such as air shows, parachute jumps, kite flying, lasers, rocket launches, etc. * flights by important people such as heads of state (sometimes referred to as temporary flight restrictions, TFRs) * closed runways * inoperable radio navigational aids * military exercises with resulting airspace restrictions * inoperable lights on tall obstructions * temporary erection of obstacles near airfields (e.g., cranes) * passage of flocks of birds through airspace (a NOTAM in this category is known as a BIRDTAM) * notifications of runway/taxiway/apron status with respect to snow, ice, and standing water (a SNOWTAM) * notification of an operationally significant change in volcanic ash or other dust contamination (an ASHTAM) * software code risk announcements with associated patches to reduce specific vulnerabilities Aviation authorities typically exchange NOTAMs over AFTN circuits. Software is available to allow pilots to identify NOTAMs near their intended route or at the intended destination. In the U.S. Air Force information technology enterprise, C4 NOTAMs (Command, Control, Communications, and Computer Notices to Airmen) are notices of new or updated Air Force Network Operating Instructions (AFNOIs). Often, these notices serve to direct Air Force computer administrators to install security updates or change the configuration of computer systems.〔HQ AFCA/GCLO. ("Air Force Instruction 33-115, Volume 3: Air Force Network Operating Instructions" ) (Air Force Departmental Publishing Office ), 15 April 2004. Retrieved 11 May 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「NOTAM」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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