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Mušḫuššu : ウィキペディア英語版
Mušḫuššu

The ''mušḫuššu'' (; formerly also read as ''sirrušu'', ''sirrush'') is a creature depicted on the reconstructed Ishtar Gate of the city of Babylon, dating to the 6th century B.C. As depicted, it is a mythological hybrid: a scaly dragon with hind legs resembling the talons of an eagle, feline forelegs, a long neck and tail, a horned head, a snake-like tongue, and a crest.
The form ' is the Akkadian nominative of the Sumerian , lit. "reddish snake" sometimes also translated as "fierce snake". One author, possibly following others, translates it as "splendor serpent" ( is the Sumerian term for "serpent". The reading ''sir-ruššu'' is due to a mistransliteration in early Assyriology.〔The Assyrian Dictionary, vol. 10 part II, p. 270.〕).
==History==

The ''mušḫuššu'' is the sacred animal of Marduk and his son Nabu during the Neo-Babylonian Empire. It was taken over by Marduk from Tishpak, the local god of Eshnunna.〔P. Bienkowski, Alan Ralph Millard, Dictionary of the Ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. p. 189〕
The constellation Hydra was known in Babylonian astronomical texts as Bashmu, "the Serpent" (, MUL.dMUŠ). It was depicted as a snake drawn out long with the forepaws of a lion, no hind-legs, with wings, and with a head comparable to the ''mušḫuššu'' dragon.〔F.A.M. Wiggerman,(Snake Gods” )〕〔 E. Weidner, Gestirn-Darstellungen auf Babylonischen Tontafeln (1967) Plates IX-X〕 This monstrous serpent may have inspired the Greek Hydra.
''Bel and the Dragon'', a deuterocanonical Biblical text, relates a story that Koldewey thought involved a mušḫuššu/sirrush. In a temple dedicated to Bel (Nebuchadnezzar's god), priests had a "great dragon or serpent, which they of Babylon worshipped."
Daniel, the protagonist of the Book of Daniel, was confronted with this creature by the priests in the apocryphal text. (see Additions to Daniel) They challenged him to match his invisible God against their living god. Eventually, Daniel poisoned the creature.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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