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The clavioline is an electronic keyboard instrument, a forerunner to the analog synthesizer. It was invented by Constant Martin in 1947 in Versailles.〔http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/mar07/articles/clavioline.htm〕 It consists of a keyboard and a separate amplifier and speaker unit. The keyboard usually covered three octaves, and had a number of switches to alter the tone of the sound produced, add vibrato, and provide other effects. The Clavioline used a vacuum tube oscillator to produce a buzzy waveform, almost a square wave, which could then be altered using high-pass and low-pass filtering, as well as the vibrato. The amplifier also deliberately provided a large amount of distortion.〔Reid, Gordon. “(The Story of the Clavioline ).” ''Sound on Sound'' (March 2007)〕 Several models were produced by different companies; among the more important were the Standard, Reverb, and Concert models by Gibson and Selmer in the 1950s. The 6-octave model developed by Harald Bode employed octave transposition. In England the Jennings Organ Company's first successful product was the Univox, an early self-powered electronic keyboard based on the Selmer Clavioline.〔(Music Soul, ''Vox Electronic Organs'' ).〕 Also in Japan, Ace Tone's first prototype, Canary S-2 (1962) was designed based on Clavioline.〔 〕 ==Recordings== The clavioline has been utilized on a number of recordings in popular music as well as in film. A selection follows. *''Little Red Monkey'' (1953) by Frank Chacksfield’s Tunesmiths features Jack Jordan on clavioline. *In 1953–54, Van Phillips composed music for the clavioline for the science-fiction radio trilogy ''Journey Into Space''.〔Interview with Charles Chilton on “Round Midnight”, BBC Radio 2, 1989.〕 *In the Bollywood Hindi film ''Nagin'' (1954), Kalyanji Virji Shah plays the snake-charmer tune "Man dole mera, tan dole mere" on the clavioline, under the musical direction of Hemant Kumar.〔(Carlo Nardi (July 2011). "The Cultural Economy of Sound: Reinventing Technology in Indian Popular Cinema". ''Journal on the Art of Record Production'', Issue 5 ISSN: 1754-9892. )〕 *"Runaway" (1961) by Del Shannon features a bridge solo by Max Crook, performed on a heavily modified clavioline that he called the “Musitron”.〔http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/mar07/articles/clavioline.htm〕 *The Joe Meek instrumental "Telstar" (1962) by The Tornados features the Univox Clavioline. *The jazz albums ''The Magic City'' (1966) and ''The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two'' (1966) by Sun Ra include clavioline *''Icky Thump'' (2007) by the White Stripes. *''Good morning'' (2012) by BAM *John Lennon played the clavioline in the song ''Baby, You're a Rich Man'', which appears on the Beatles album ''Magical Mystery Tour'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clavioline」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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