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Minos
In Greek mythology Minos ( or ; , ''Minōs'') was the first King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus' creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld. The Minoan civilization of Crete has been named after him by the archaeologist Arthur Evans. By his wife, Pasiphaë (or some say Crete), he fathered Ariadne, Androgeus, Deucalion, Phaedra, Glaucus, Catreus, Acacallis and Xenodice. By a nymph, Pareia, he had four sons, Eurymedon, Nephalion, Chryses and Philolaus, who were killed by Heracles in revenge for the murder of the latter's two companions; and by Dexithea, one of the Telchines, he had a son called Euxanthius.〔Pseudo-Apollodorus, ''Library'' (3.1.2 ).〕 By Androgeneia of Phaestus he had Asterion, who commanded the Cretan contingent in the war between Dionysus and the Indians.〔Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'', 13. 220ff.〕 Also given as his children are Euryale, possibly the mother of Orion with Poseidon,〔Hyginus, ''Poetical Astronomy'' 2. 34〕 and Pholegander, eponym of the island Pholegandros.〔Stephanus of Byzantium s. v. ''Pholegandros''〕
Minos, along with his brothers, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon, was raised by king Asterion (or Asterius) of Crete. When Asterion died, his throne was claimed by Minos〔Apollodorus, ''Library'' (3.1.3 ).〕 who banished Sarpedon and, according to some sources, Rhadamanthys too.
== Etymology ==
Minos is the Cretan word for "king",〔"We call him Minos, but we do not know his name, probably the word is a title, like ''Pharaoh'' or ''Caesar'', and covers a multitude of kings" (Will Durant, ''The Life of Greece'' "assigns phonetic values to Linear signs based on superficial resemblances to signs in other scripts (the choice of scripts being already prejudiced to include only those from the eastern Mediterranean and northeast Africa), as if "C looks like O so it must be O."〕 we should read ''mwi-nu ro-ja'' (Minos the king) on a Linear A tablet. The royal title ''ro-ja'' is read on several documents, including on stone libation tables from the sanctuaries, where it follows the name of the main god, Asirai (the equivalent of Sanskrit Asura, and of Avestan Ahura). La Marle suggests that the name'' mwi-nu'' (Minos) is expected to mean 'ascetic' as Sanskrit ''muni'', and fits this explanation to the legend about Minos sometimes living in caves on Crete.〔La Marle 1997–99.〕 If royal succession in Minoan Crete descended matrilinearly— from the queen to her firstborn daughter— the queen's husband would have become the ''Minos'', or war chief. Some scholars see a connection between ''Minos'' and the names of other ancient founder-kings, such as Menes of Egypt, Mannus of Germany, and Manu of India,〔(Archivio veneto, Volume 16 ), 1878, p. 367.〕〔(Hesperien: zur Lösung des religiös-geschichtlichen Problems der alten Welt ), Joseph Wormstall, 1878, p.73.〕 and even with Meon of Phrygia and Lydia (after him named Maeonia), Mizraim of Egypt in the Book of Genesis and the Canaanite deity Baal Meon.〔(On the origin and ramifications of the English language: Preceded by an inquiry into the primitive seats, early migrations, and final settlements of the principal European nations ), Henry Welsford, 1845, pp. 11–12.〕
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