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Metagaming is any strategy, action or method used in a game which transcends a prescribed ruleset, uses external factors to affect the game, or goes beyond the supposed limits or environment set by the game. Another definition refers to the game universe outside of the game itself. Metagaming differs from strategy in that metagaming is making decisions based upon out-of-game knowledge, whereas strategies are decisions made based upon in-game actions and knowledge. In simple terms, it is the use of out-of-game information or resources to affect one's in-game decisions. ==Origins== The term ''metagame'' is a mathematic descriptor for set interaction governing subset interaction. The term passed from military use into political parlance to describe events outside conventional bounds that, in fact, play an important role in a game's outcome. For example, a military operation might be a ''game'' with its political ramifications being the ''metagame''. Similarly, the passage of a law might be a ''game'', with the political environment into which that law fits being the ''metagame''. Similarly, a ''game'' might be the passing of a law lacking majority support. The group opposing the law, benefiting in the ''metagame'' from the passage of said law, encourage their own members to vote in favor of the legislation. ''Metagaming'' might also refer to a game which functions to create or modify the rules of a sub-game with the purpose of maximizing the subgame's ruleset. Thus, we might play a metagame of optimizing the rules of "chess-like" games to maximize the satisfaction of play, and perhaps arrive at the rules of standard chess as an optimum. This is related to mechanism design theory in which the metagame would be to create or make changes in the management rules or policy of an organization to maximize its effectiveness or profitability. Constitutional design can be seen as a metagame of assembling the provisions of a written constitution to optimize a balance of values such as justice, liberty, and security, with the constitution being the rules of the game of government that would result.〔Paradoxes of Rationality: Games, Metagames, and Political Behavior - Nigel Howard ()〕〔() Rationality: Games, Metagames, and Political Behavior - Nigel Howard.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Metagaming」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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