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Mazzatello
''Mazzatello'' (abbreviated ''mazza'') was a method of capital punishment used by the Papal States from the late 18th century to 1870 involving the infliction of head trauma.〔Megivern, James J. 1997. ''The Death Penalty''. Paulist Press. ISBN 0-8091-0487-3. p. 155.〕〔Abbott, Geoffrey. 2007. ''What a Way to Go''. Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-36656-6. p. 239.〕 The method was named after the implement used in the execution: a large, long-handled mallet or pollaxe.〔 According to Abbott, ''mazzatello'' constituted "one of the most brutal methods of execution ever devised, requiring minimal skill on the part of the executioner and superhuman acquiescence by the victim".〔 Megivern cites ''mazzatello'' as one example of an execution method devised by the Papal States that "competed with and in some instances surpassed those of other regimes for cruelty".〔
The condemned would be led to a scaffold in a public square of Rome, accompanied by a priest (the confessor of the condemned〔); the platform also contained a coffin and the masked executioner, dressed in black.〔 A prayer would first be said for the condemned's soul.〔 Then, the mallet would be raised, swung through the air to gain momentum, and then brought down on the head of the prisoner, similar to a contemporary method of slaughtering cattle in stockyards.〔 The condemned was usually knocked unconscious〔Quigley, Christine. 1994. ''Death Dictionary: Over 5,500 Clinical, Legal, Literary, and Vernacular Terms''. McFarland. ISBN 0-89950-869-3. p. 103.〕 rather than being killed instantly, so the throat of the prisoner would then be slit with a knife.〔〔Quigley, Christine. 1996. ''The Corpse''. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0170-2. p. 143.〕
Along with drawing and quartering (sometimes, but not always, after a hanging), ''mazzatello'' was reserved for crimes that were considered "especially loathsome".〔Allen, John L., Jr. 2001, September 14. "(He executed justice - papal execution Giovanni Battista Bugatti's life and work )". ''National Catholic Reporter''.〕
A variation of this method appears in Alexandre Dumas' novel ''The Count of Monte Cristo'' as ''la mazzolata'' and ''mazzolato'', when a prisoner sentenced to execution is bludgeoned on the side of his head with a mace.
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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