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Russula
Around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms compose the genus ''Russula''. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle free white gills, and an absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Members of the related ''Lactarius'' genus have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796.
==Taxonomy==
Christian Hendrik Persoon first circumscribed the genus ''Russula'' in his 1796 work ''Observationes Mycologicae'', and considered the defining characteristics to be the fleshy fruit bodies, depressed cap, and equal gills.〔 He reduced it to the rank of tribe in the genus ''Agaricus'' in 1801. Elias Fries similarly regarded ''Russula'' as a tribe of ''Agaricus'' in his influential ''Systema Mycologicum'' (1821), but later (1825) raised it to the rank of genus in the ''Systema Orbis Vegetabilis''. Around the same time, Samuel Frederick Gray also recognized ''Russula'' as a genus in his 1821 work ''The Natural Arrangement of British Plants''.〔
The name ''Russula'' is derived from the Latin word ''russus'', meaning "red".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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