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March
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is one of seven months that are 31 days long. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20th or 21st marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March.
==Origin==
The name of March comes from Latin ''Martius'', the first month of the earliest Roman calendar. It was named for Mars, the Roman god of war who was also regarded as a guardian of agriculture and an ancestor of the Roman people through his sons Romulus and Remus. His month ''Martius'' was the beginning of the season for both farming and warfare,〔Mary Beard, John North, and Simon Price, ''Religions of Rome'' (Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 47–48 and 53.〕 and the festivals held in his honor during the month were mirrored by others in October, when the season for these activities came to a close.〔Michael Lipka, ''Roman Gods: A Conceptual Approach'' (Brill, 2009), p. 37. The views of Georg Wissowa on the festivals of Mars framing the military campaigning season are summarized by C. Bennett Pascal, "October Horse," ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' 85 (1981), p. 264, with bibliography.〕 ''Martius'' remained the first month of the Roman calendar year perhaps as late as 153 BC,〔H.H. Scullard, ''Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic'' (Cornell University Press, 1981), p. 84; Gary Forsythe, ''Time in Roman Religion: One Thousand Years of Religious History'' (Routledge, 2012), p. 14 (on the uncertainty of when the change occurred).〕 and several religious observances in the first half of the month were originally new year's celebrations.〔Scullard, ''Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic'', p. 85ff.〕 Even in late antiquity, Roman mosaics picturing the months sometimes still placed March first.〔Aïcha Ben Abed, ''Tunisian Mosaics: Treasures from Roman Africa'' (Getty Publications, 2006), p. 113.〕
March 1 began the numbered year in Russia until the end of the 15th century. Great Britain and its colonies continued to use March 25 until 1752, when they finally adopted the Gregorian calendar. Many other cultures and religions still celebrate the beginning of the New Year in March.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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