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Lublin ((ウクライナ語:Люблін), ''Liublin'', (イディッシュ語:לובלין) ''Lublin''; 〔http://www.howtosay.co.in/pronounce/lublin-in-english/〕) is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship (''province'') with a population of 349,103 (March 2011). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River. Lublin is approximately southeast of the capital, Warsaw. ==History== The first permanent settlements on the future site of Lublin were established in the early Middle Ages, though archeological finds indicate a long, earlier presence of cultures in the general area. The earliest, most significant settlement began in the 6th century on a hill in the suburb of Czwartek (in Polish ''Thursday'', most likely in reference to the market day of the settlement). It is likely that the surrounding hills, site of the present day Old Town, were settled at this time. In the 10th and 11th centuries, the Czwartek settlement became an important trade centre. The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it military significance. The first fortification on the site may have been built as early as the 8th century, possibly on the Castle Hill. Certainly at the end of the 10th century a significant fortification existed there. As the castle grew, the Old Town hill adjacent to it became the main focus of settlement, and the Czwartek settlement declined in relative importance. The castle became the seat of a Castellan, first mentioned in historical sources from 1224, but quite possibly present from the start of the 12th or even 10th century. The oldest historical document mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier. The city was a target of attacks by Tatars, Ruthenes, Yotvingians and Lithuanians and was destroyed several times. It was also ruled by Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia between 1289 and 1302. It received a city charter in 1317. Casimir the Great, appreciating the site's strategic importance, built a masonry castle in 1341 and encircled the city with defensive walls.〔City Council produced information materials: a. (Tourist Guide to Lublin ) in English. PDF. b. (The City of Culture ) - The most important cultural events of 2009. PDF. c. (Simple leaflet ) - Short and most important information about Lublin.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lublin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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