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''Llanito'' or ''Yanito'' (pronounced (:jaˈnito)) is a form of Spanish heavily laced with words from English and other languages like Genoese, spoken in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Culture of Gibraltar )〕 It consists of an eclectic mix of Andalusian Spanish and British English, marked by a great deal of code switching and loanwords from Italian and many other Mediterranean languages and dialects. However, it does not meet the criteria for being a creole, but is a dialect of Spanish with many loan words.〔Levey, David. 2008. ''Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar''. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.〕 Spanglish is how to briefly describe the Gibraltarian colloquial language, known as Llanito. Gibraltarians also call themselves ''Llanitos''. ==Language== Andalusian Spanish is the main constituent of ''Llanito'', but is also heavily influenced by British English. However, it borrows words and expressions of many other languages, with over 500 words of Genoese (Ligurian) medieval dialect (with additionally some of Hebrew origin).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gibraltar Ethnologue profile )〕 Its other main language constituents are Maltese and Portuguese. It often also involves code-switching from Spanish to English. Some ''Llanito'' words are also widely used in the neighbouring Spanish town of La Línea de la Concepción (due to the influx of people from La Línea working in Gibraltar over many years).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Linense Dictionary )〕 To some outsiders who only speak either English or Spanish, ''Llanito'' may sound incomprehensible, as speakers appear to switch languages in mid-sentence, but to people who are bilingual in both languages, it can sound interesting and unique. One feature of the language is the pronunciation of English words with an Andalusian flavour. For example, bacon is pronounced ''beki''; cake, ''keki''; battery, ''batteria''; and a policeman is known as ''la parma'', and porridge is called ''kuecaro'' (a Spanish-sounding version of the brand Quaker Oats]. Most Gibraltarians, especially those with higher education, also speak standard Spanish of both Andalusian and Castilian dialects and standard English of the British English variety.〔(A New New English: language, politics, and identity in Gibraltar )〕 According to the Italian scholar Giulio Vignoli, Llanito originally -in the first decades of the 19th century- was full of Genoese words, later substituted mainly by Spanish words and by some English words. Llanito has significant Jewish influence, because of a long standing Jewish population in Gibraltar. They introduced words and expressions from Haketia, a largely extinct Judeo-Spanish language spoken by the Sephardic communities of Northern Morocco, such as Tetuan and Tangiers and the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in North Africa. Even though Llanito is seldom written, a Llanito dictionary, ''Diccionario Yanito'' was published in 1978 by Manuel Cavilla and in 2001 Tito Vallejo published ''The Yanito Dictionary. Including Place Names and Yanito Anecdotes''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Llanito」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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